Question

Can you help me determine if I am correct and help me find the ither answers to this functional group lab worksheet?

18 w paper 1 we by addin trecome char Discussion of Properties and Test Ora general undergo dition reactions, whereas by substitution reactions. These two types of d e beds and womate compounds we characterized described in equation form as follows: action Addition Reaction Substitution Reaction (Note: numbers in boxes to the left refer to w in the reaction procedure on the following pages) Bromine (in) in cyclohexane is a widely used resent to test for the presence of unsaturated bonds. A positive test for unsaturation is one in which the brownished bromine color disappears without the generation of hydrogen bromide Saturated compounds either do not react with bromine or do so with the generation of gaseous HB The presence of carboxylic acids and mines are most easily detected by their acid-base characteristics. A simple test with red litmus paper and blue limus paper will generally indicate the presence of many organic acids and bases if the compounds water solle. If a carboxylic acid group is present, and the organic compound is not soluble in water, adding 6 M NaOH can make the carboxylic acid become soluble in water. This is because adding NaOH to the carboxylic acid causes the compound to become charged, as shown below. Recall that organic molecules are generally more soluble in water when they are charged. Thus, solubility that is induced (caused) by adding 6 M NaOH indicates the presence of a carboxylic acid group, R-COOH + NaOH -- RCOONa+H.O R-NH, HCI - RNH, CI Similar results of a water insoluble compound becoming soluble in acidic solution would indicate the presence of an amine, as shown in the reaction above. A useful test for alcohols is that of ceria nitrate reagent. A positive test for an alcohol is indicated by a change in color of the reagent from yellow to red. The Lucas test is used to distinguished between primary secondary and tertiary alcohols and depends upon the appearance of the alkyl chloride as a second liquid phase with a milky appearance. How long it takes to see this result is a critical observation. RCHOH + HCI C , R.CHCI+H,O This reaction proceeds by a carbocation mechanism in which the rate of the reaction is proportional to the stability of this carbocation intermediate. Since the order of carbocation stability is tertiary secondary primary, the rates of reaction are in the same order. The tertiary alcohols generally form a visible second layer of reagent or milky suspension within a few minutes. For secondary alcohols this milky appearance is generally observed within 5 minutes, though heating may be required. The reaction of primary alcohols is penerally so slow that the reaction is not observable, even when the reaction is heated. One of the most useful tests for both aldehydes and ketones is the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test. The reagent attacks the carbonyl group to form yellow or orange insoluble solids according to the reaction:

Answer 1

Most of it done by you is correct, with some minor corrections needed.

This is the first part of the algorithm tree as shown in the following picture.

One thing to be noted is that in number 4, the soluble amines are indeed aliphatic amines, since aromatic amines are moderately soluble in water and you can assume it in insoluble part. And in number 1 , alcohol means it's Benzyl alcohol (liquid) since other alcohols are generally soluble in water.

More things to be noted is that, the HCl soluble part must be amines since it forms a salt. ( Acid base reaction)

And the base insoluble compounds must be those which aren't acids and not even strongly polar ( since acids would form salt and become soluble and strongly polar compounds would dissolve in water only ). Hence the ones which are left are ketones , aldehydes, Benzyl alcohol, amides etc.

Now comes the second part of the Algorithm tree. Mostly it's all good as you have done. The one which must be mentioned is that formic acid also gives positive Fehling's test.

Another one is that green flame in Beilstein's test not only indicates the presence of alkyl halides but also urea can be present there. (Note: Fluorides burns without a green flame).

Rest of all are correct.