Question

Define in your own words the Principle of Superposition. Define in your own words the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relations. Define in your own words the Principle of Original Horizontality Define in your own word the Principle of Inclusions

Answer 1

principle of superposition

according to this principle if the rock strata is undisturbed then the oldest rock will be found at the base while younger rock at the top.

principle of cross-cutting

according to this principle the if a rock/ strata is cross cutting other rock/strata then the cutting rock it is younger then the rock which it has cut e.g. if a dike cross cuts sandstone then dike is younger then sandstone

principle of original horizontality

according to this principle deposition of the sediments to form strata takes place in a horizontal manner if no deformation happens i.e. sediments are deposited horizontal

principle of inclusion

according to this principle if a clast is found to be included in some other strata then the clast is older the the strata.

e.g. diamond in kimberlite pipe