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For the question: A study was done to see if in a marathon, older siblings are...

For the question:

A study was done to see if in a marathon, older siblings are more inclined to run with their younger siblings and finish together rather than distance themselves and actually compete. A random sample of 10 pairs of siblings were tracked to see what rank they finished in the race.

What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable?

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The independent variable is the decision of the elder sibling and the dependent variable is the difference in the ranks at which they finished their race. This is because the rank of the siblings will be dependent on the decision of the elder sibling. If the elder sibling decides to run together, the difference in their ranks will be less and if he elder sibling decides to complete the marathon faster, the difference in rank will be higher.

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