can boiling water (100 degrees celsius) of twenty minutes or longer destroy endospores include refence
Endospores:
Bacteria such as C. botulinum, produce endospores, which are dormant, thick-walled structures that can survive harsh conditions. The endospore wall encloses DNA and a small amount of cytoplasm. An endospore can tolerate boiling, drying, disinfectants, and ultraviolet radiation. Once environmental conditions become favorable, the endospore germinates and develop into a normal cell.
“Boiling” is one of the ancient methods of controlling of microbes, and it is quite effective at destroying vegetative bacterial cells and some viruses. Although, boiling is less effective at killing endospores due to its thick wall nature. Some endospores are able to endure up to 20 hours of boiling.
While endospores are resistant to heat and radiation, they can be killed by burning or by autoclaving. Autoclaves rely on moist-heat sterilization. They are used to raise temperatures above the boiling point of water (100 °C). Autoclaving is done at high temperatures (with a minimum of 116oC), under high pressures that results in endospore death.
can boiling water (100 degrees celsius) of twenty minutes or longer destroy endospores include refence
2. The Rhett Butler Peach, Co. dips the peaches in boiling water (100 degrees Celsius) to remove the skin (a process known as blanching) before canning them. The wastewater from the process is high in organic matter and it must be treated prior to disposal. The treatment process is a biological process that operates at 20 degrees Celsius. Thus, the wastewater must be cooled to 20 degrees before disposal. Forty cubic meters of wastewater is discharged to a concrete tank...
If the boiling point of a solution was 101.8 degrees Celsius and the boiling point of pure water under the same conditions was 99.7 degrees Celsius, what is the molality of the solution?
Measured boiling point of ethanol/water mixture: 79 degrees Celsius Known value of boiling point mixture: 156.11 degrees Celsius - Comment on the measured boiling point of your distillate vs. the “known” value you looked up prior to the lab session. Calculate the percent error between these numbers.
The temperature H in degrees Celsius of a bottle water t minutes after being put in a refrigerator is H (t) = 4 + 16e -0.02. How fast, in degrees/min, is the bottle of water cooling 10 minutes after being put into the refrigerator? Enter your answer as a decimal to 3 places.
An aqueous solution of a nonvolatile solute has a boiling point of 102.45 degrees Celsius. Knowing that for water, Kfp = 1.86 degrees Celsius m^-1 and Kbp= 0.51 degrees Celsius m^-1. What is the molality of the solution? and what is the freezing point of the solution? Please show work.
Can water stay liquid below zero degrees Celsius?
a cup contains 100g of water at 10°c. if 100 g of 50 degrees celsius water is added, what will the temperature of the mixture be?
a sample of water has a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 101.42 kPa. What is its specific density (m^3/kg) and internal energy (kJ/kg)?
A group of students place a 0.045 kg water sample, initial temperature 21.5 degrees Celsius, on a heat source. The water is then warmed up to its boiling point then further heated until it is completely evaporated. Note: Both the heat source and the water are in a thermally isolated container. i. Find the total heat absorbed by the water during this process. ii. A similar experiment is performed on an unknown liquid, mass=0.055kg with initial temperature 21.5 degrees Celsius....
A liquid has a vapor pressure of 100 mm Hg at 25 degrees celsius. If the heat of vaporization is 15 kj /mol, what is the normal boiling point?