Question

A progressive functional fitness strength training program using dumbbells and ankle weights was developed to improve upper- and lower-body strength of residents living in an assisted-living facility. Fifty people were trained and 50 people were not trained. Five upper-body and five lower-body strength exercises were performed in a group setting 3 times per week for 30 minutes. Resistance of the dumbbells and ankle weights was progressed over the 8-week training period. At the end of the training, the two groups differed significantly in upper- and lower-body muscular strength. We conclude that this functional fitness strength training program is a feasible and cost-effective program to conduct in a group setting.

6. Identify the independent and dependent variables in the study.

7. What type of statistical or research error might the researchers have made (if any)? Explain.

Answer 1

(6)

Independent Variable: Upper body and lower body strength exercises

Dependent Variable: upper- and lower-body muscular strength

(7)

Type of statistical or research error might the researchers have made : The participants for the experimentation are not randomly assigned to either experimental group or control group but they consist of persons who are trained or not trained. Thus, since the participants are not assigned to either of the 2 groups randomly, the condition that all participants have equal chance of any of the 2 groups is not satisfied.