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Mr. Brennan, age 63, has smoked cigarettes since he was 14. He has a long history...

Mr. Brennan, age 63, has smoked cigarettes since he was 14. He has a long history of gradually increasing dyspnea. Currently, he has a chronic morning cough productive of only scant white sputum. Mr. Brennan has been losing weight and now feels fatigued and weak at all times. Upon examination, he has a barrel chest. His diagnosis is emphysema.
Answer the following questions about Mr. Brennan’s condition to deepen your understanding of emphysema.
1. What assessment questions should you ask Mr. Brennan?
2. Why should you assess Mr. Brennan for swollen ankles and distended neck veins when he is upright?
3. How did Mr. Brennan’s smoking contribute to development of emphysema?
4. Mr. Brennan says, “Why is my chest so round?” How should you respond?

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