Explain how the adaptive immune response is able to generate the diversity of antigen receptors necessary...
- Explain how the adaptive immune response is able to generate the diversity of antigen receptors necessary to recognize the multitude of foreign antigens.
- Explain how clonal selection contributes to the development and expansion of antigen specific lymphocytes that do not respond to self.
- Distinguish cytokines and chemokines and their roles in the immune response
- What are the 3 roles of antibody in the immune response
- What are the two types of T cells that contribute to cellular immunity?
- What are the roles of the distinct classes of CD4 T cells in the immune response
- What are the two signals needed to activate both T and B cells in the adaptive immune response
- How is the recognition of foreign antigens different for B and T cells? What do the antigen receptors bind to?
- How do transcription factors recognize their specific target genes? Give examples of protein domains that contribute to DNA recognition by transcription factors.
- Distinguish enhancers and promotors.
- Diagram the cell cycle including the restriction points and know what controls movement of the cells through those restriction points
- Distinguish oncogenes, protooncogenes, tumor suppressors caretakers
- What are environmentally induced cancers
- Discuss the stages in tumor development
Homework Answers
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Explain how the adaptive immune response is able to generate
the diversity of antigen receptors necessary...
How does activation by T-independent antigens differ from this figure? Extracellular antigens B cell receptors Antigen...
How does activation by T-independent antigens differ
from this figure?
Extracellular antigens B cell receptors Antigen fragments MHC class II with antigen displayed on surface **Cytokines Plasma cell Antibodies T cell B cell B cell 1 APC receptors 2 Antigen is 3 Antigen fragments are T helper cell recognize and phagocytized and displayed on the B cell secretes cytokines, attach to antigen. digested (see surface, attracting a activating a B cell. Figure 17.12). matching T helper cell. Figure 17.5 Activation...
Immunology (elaborate explanations are not necessary 3-4 sentences are suffice) State timing, steps and cells involved...
Immunology (elaborate explanations are not necessary 3-4 sentences are suffice) State timing, steps and cells involved in the innate immune response to bacterial antigens and contrast this with adaptive immune responses to the same antigen. Explain how macrophages recognize bacteria and the host mechanisms that lead to recruitment of cells to sites of infection. Explain how inflammation is triggered, the changes in cells at sites of infection that occur and how this relates targeting of both phagocytes and adaptive immune...
Adaptive Immune Response TERMS agglutination APCs apoptosis cells involved lym tes display inslud...
Adaptive Immune Response TERMS agglutination APCs apoptosis cells involved lym tes display inslude develoe into to D8 develor into develop into secrete B lymphocytes CD4 protein Co-stimulate Dendritic cells Eliminate antigen Inactivate antigen B cells co-stimulate thru memoryplasma cells secondary stimulating Th cells T cells comp fixation& response activation macrophages cells precipitation response lement limit immun neutralization present memory B memory perforins &antigens response Te cells secondary T lymphocyte Te cell Th cell Treg cell
Adaptive Immune Response TERMS agglutination...
Need help with the second question lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have evolved to recognize...
Need help with the second question
lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have evolved to recognize
an extraordinary variety of antigens from bacteria viruses and
disease causing agents
name
the antigen recognition molecules of b cells
Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues, where they differentiate into what phagocytic cell type?
QUESTION 11 How is the immune system able to recognize a limitless number of different antigens...
QUESTION 11 How is the immune system able to recognize a limitless number of different antigens and epitopes? While each lymphocyte carries receptors that recognize only one type of epitope, the immune system produces a wide variety of lymphocytes each of which carries unique receptors A genetic "memory" of the pathogens your parents encountered (and their parents and so on) is passed on to each generation, increasing the number of possible responses over time. Each lymphocyte is coated with many...
Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity by explaining how they differ is the following 2...
Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity by explaining how they differ is the following 2 questions (I-III). Please answer in complete sentences. How do these 2 types of immunity differ is the timing of their response? How do the receptors as innate and adaptive immune cells differ in what they recognize? Please describe what the receptors on immune cells recognize and what the receptors on adaptive immune cells recognize. Complement proteins normally circulate in the blood and provide early...
Adaptive Immunity Worksheet in the body. a. What 1. Adaptive immune cells will interact mainly at...
Adaptive Immunity Worksheet in the body. a. What 1. Adaptive immune cells will interact mainly at the about this organ makes it a good place for the cells to interact? 2. The adaptive immune system is divided into two responses: The response, which uses B cells, and the response, which uses T cells. 3. What is one difference between antigen that B cells respond to vs. antigen that T cells respond to? 4. Fill in the following information about 3...
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen,...
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered. A vaccine to protect against a particular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat. When injected into a person, the vaccine generally does not cause an infection and illness, but it effectively teaches the immune system what the viral particles look like, stimulating...
need help w second question lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have evolved to recognize an...
need
help w second question
lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have evolved to recognize
an extraordinary variety of antigens from bacteria viruses and
disease causing agents
name
the antigen recognition molecules of b cells
heavy and light chains of these molecules are composed of 2
regions name these regions and briefly describe their
functions
Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues, where they differentiate into what phagocytic cell type?
1. Find the false statement. a. the adaptive immune response is slower but more specific than...
1. Find the false statement. a. the adaptive immune response is slower but more specific than the innate response b. the innate immune response includes inflammation, phagocytes, and complement c. T cells have TCRs which are analogous in function to BCRs on B cells d. B cells do not require activated helper T cells to be activated e. cytotoxic T lymphocytes seek out and kill infected host cells that display foreign antigens with their MHC I 2. Which of these...
How does activation by T-independent antigens differ
from this figure?
Extracellular antigens B cell receptors Antigen fragments MHC class II with antigen displayed on surface **Cytokines Plasma cell Antibodies T cell B cell B cell 1 APC receptors 2 Antigen is 3 Antigen fragments are T helper cell recognize and phagocytized and displayed on the B cell secretes cytokines, attach to antigen. digested (see surface, attracting a activating a B cell. Figure 17.12). matching T helper cell. Figure 17.5 Activation...
Adaptive Immune Response TERMS agglutination APCs apoptosis cells involved lym tes display inslude develoe into to D8 develor into develop into secrete B lymphocytes CD4 protein Co-stimulate Dendritic cells Eliminate antigen Inactivate antigen B cells co-stimulate thru memoryplasma cells secondary stimulating Th cells T cells comp fixation& response activation macrophages cells precipitation response lement limit immun neutralization present memory B memory perforins &antigens response Te cells secondary T lymphocyte Te cell Th cell Treg cell
Adaptive Immune Response TERMS agglutination...
Need help with the second question
lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have evolved to recognize
an extraordinary variety of antigens from bacteria viruses and
disease causing agents
name
the antigen recognition molecules of b cells
Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues, where they differentiate into what phagocytic cell type?
QUESTION 11 How is the immune system able to recognize a limitless number of different antigens and epitopes? While each lymphocyte carries receptors that recognize only one type of epitope, the immune system produces a wide variety of lymphocytes each of which carries unique receptors A genetic "memory" of the pathogens your parents encountered (and their parents and so on) is passed on to each generation, increasing the number of possible responses over time. Each lymphocyte is coated with many...
Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity by explaining how they differ is the following 2 questions (I-III). Please answer in complete sentences. How do these 2 types of immunity differ is the timing of their response? How do the receptors as innate and adaptive immune cells differ in what they recognize? Please describe what the receptors on immune cells recognize and what the receptors on adaptive immune cells recognize. Complement proteins normally circulate in the blood and provide early...
Adaptive Immunity Worksheet in the body. a. What 1. Adaptive immune cells will interact mainly at the about this organ makes it a good place for the cells to interact? 2. The adaptive immune system is divided into two responses: The response, which uses B cells, and the response, which uses T cells. 3. What is one difference between antigen that B cells respond to vs. antigen that T cells respond to? 4. Fill in the following information about 3...
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered. A vaccine to protect against a particular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat. When injected into a person, the vaccine generally does not cause an infection and illness, but it effectively teaches the immune system what the viral particles look like, stimulating...
need
help w second question
lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have evolved to recognize
an extraordinary variety of antigens from bacteria viruses and
disease causing agents
name
the antigen recognition molecules of b cells
heavy and light chains of these molecules are composed of 2
regions name these regions and briefly describe their
functions
Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues, where they differentiate into what phagocytic cell type?
1. Find the false statement. a. the adaptive immune response is slower but more specific than the innate response b. the innate immune response includes inflammation, phagocytes, and complement c. T cells have TCRs which are analogous in function to BCRs on B cells d. B cells do not require activated helper T cells to be activated e. cytotoxic T lymphocytes seek out and kill infected host cells that display foreign antigens with their MHC I 2. Which of these...
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