Question

QUESTION 1

1. Vasovagal syncope is one of the most common causes of fainting and occurs in some individuals when they see blood or a needle. Which of the following physiological responses occurs?

   		reduced cerebral blood flow
   		decreased blood pressure
   		decreased heart rate
   		All the alternatives

2 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) if a person has a blood pressure reading of 107/72.

   		96 mm Hg
   		76 mm Hg
   		119 mm Hg
   		84 mm Hg

2 points   

QUESTION 3

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding angiogenesis?

   		the process by which new blood vessels develop
   		underlies much of the growth and spread of different cancers
   		All of the alternatives
   		occurs with endurance training

2 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Blood pressure is a highly regulated physiological variable primarily because it maintains adequate perfusion to which of the following organ(s)?

   		Brain and liver
   		Liver and Heart
   		Brain and heart
   		Kidneys and Liver

2 points   

QUESTION 5

1. If one arteriole constricts and nothing else changes, what will happen to mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

   		It increases
   		It decreases.
   		No change.

2 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Blood flow through an arteriole ________ when it dilates.

   		increases
   		decreases
   		remains unchanged

2 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Metarterioles allow white blood cells to go directly from the arterial to the venous circulation, bypassing the capillaries.

   		False
   		True

2 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Blood flow is directly proportional to the

   		cardiac output.
   		pressure gradient.
   		All the alternatives.
   		radius4.

2 points   

QUESTION 9

1. If blood pressure increases, the

   		net filtration across the capillary walls increases.
   		colloid osmotic pressure increases.
   		net absorption across the capillary walls increases.

2 points   

QUESTION 10

1. Systemic arterioles ________ in response to decreasing oxygen.

   		dilate
   		constrict
   		are unaffected

2 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center acting on β2-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation in the heart and vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles.

   		True
   		False

2 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Local control of arteriolar resistance leads to an increase in blood flow to a tissue when

   		oxygen level increases.
   		H+ level decreases.
   		carbon dioxide level increases.
   		pH increases.

2 points (Extra Credit)   

QUESTION 13

1. Which of the following is/are correct for arteries but NOT veins?

   		carry low-oxygen blood
   		act as a volume reservoir
   		have low blood pressure
   		store pressure generated by the heart

2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. Mean arterial pressure is determined by

   		total blood volume.
   		All of the alternatives.
   		resistance of the arterioles.
   		heart rate.

2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. During rest, arterioles are under ________ control from the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

   		tonic
   		competitive
   		feedforward
   		antagonistic

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Blood flow velocity is slowest in the

   		arterioles.
   		aorta.
   		capillaries.
   		venules.

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which of the following accounts for the increase in blood flow to skeletal muscle during exercise

   		baroreceptor reflex
   		active hyperemia
   		reactive hyperemia
   		vasovagal syncope

2 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Which of the following vessels undergo changes in diameter based on neural input?

   		arterioles and capillaries
   		arterioles and veins
   		Capillaries and veins
   		Only capillaries

2 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Plasma proteins decrease in a person with liver failure. What effect does this have on capillary filtration/absorption?

   		net filtration decreases
   		net filtration increases
   		no effect on capillary fluid exchange

Answer 1

1. Option 4 is correct.

Justification: All the given options are correct vasovagal syncope occurs in some individuals when they see blood or needle and causes them to faint because there will be decreased blood pressure and heart rate and this causes reduced blood flow to the brain. So, all the given options are correct.

2. Option 4 (84 mm Hg) is correct.

Justification: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated by doubling the diastolic (lower) blood pressure and adding the sum to the systolic (upper) blood pressure and dividing it by the number 3. As the given blood pressure is 107/72.

72+72=144

144+107= 251÷3=84 mm Hg

3. Option 3 (all of the alternatives) is correct.

Justification: All the given options are correct. As angiogenesis is a process of formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels. Endurance training helps in inducing growth of new blood vessels which happens in angiogenesis. As angiogenesis involves formation of new blood vessels l, for the spread of cancer, growth of vasculature is important. So, all the given options are correct for angiogenesis.

4. Option 3 (brain and heart) is correct.

Justification: Blood pressure maintains adequate perfusion to the vital organs like brain and heart because these organs helps in keeping balanced intravascular water compartment and avoids leakage to dead third space.

Justification for incorrect options:

• Perfusion to other organs like liver is considered secondary when compared to adequate perfusion to brain, heart and kidneys as to these organs in important. So, brain and heart is the correct answer.

5. Option 1 (it increases) is correct.

Justification: As mean arterial pressure is the average pressure in the arterial pressure, constriction of one arteriole causes lumen to become more rounded which increases the blood flow, which thereby increase mean arterial pressure (MAP).

6. Option 1 (increases) is correct.

Justification: Blood flow through an arteriole increases when it dilates because dilation of blood vessels decrease vascular resistance and increase cardiac output.

Thank you!