Question

how do viruses get cloned? Please answer this with as much detail as possible. I need a base for my project

Answer 1

Animal viruses can be cloned by following ways:

1. Attachment: Viral proteins on the capsid interact with specific receptors on the host cellular surface.

2. Penetration: Once bound to the cell membrane, the virus penetrate its nucleic acid directly into host cell; or by direct fusion with plasma membrane (such viruses are HIV);or some viruses can enter host cell via receptor mediated endocytosis.

3. Uncoating: If virus entered by receptor mediated endocytosis then the viral capsid is removed and degraded by viral enzymes. (inside the host cell)

4. Replication: After the viral genome has been uncoated, then replication,transcription or translation of the viral genome is initiated.

5. Assembly: Once new viral genomes and proteins have been produced, they are assembled into new virions.

6. Virion release: The newly formed virions (viral clone) accumulate in the cell and are released by host cell lysis.