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In 1H-NMR spectroscopy, signals are often distorted by the so-called “roof effects”. When do two signals...

In 1H-NMR spectroscopy, signals are often distorted by the so-called “roof effects”. When do two signals influence each other so that you can detect the roof effect? How would two quartets be distorted if there were to be a roof effect between them? Please draw a sketch.

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Sometimes extra lines also appear in the spectra which cannon be rationalized if only the first order effects are considered. Apart from that it also becomes difficult to assign the correct splliting and intensity ratios.

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