The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) use their databases containing medical claims data to summarize different health measures. Using data collected for the population of Medicare beneficiaries, the CMS create tables that summarize chronic disease prevalences. Disease prevalance is the percentage in a population that have a certain disease at a point in time.
A portion of a table summarizing chronic disease prevalences by state for 2015 is given. This table portion includes prevalence data for a subset of the chronic diseases at the state level for several states.
| State name | Arthritis | Asthma | Atrial fibrilation |
Chronic kidney disease |
Depression | Diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 34.7 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 18.8 | 15.7 | 29.2 |
| Alaska | 23.7 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 13.3 | 11.5 | 20.3 |
| Arizona | 29.1 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 18.7 | 12.9 | 22.1 |
| Arkansas | 28.1 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 14.8 | 16.3 | 24.4 |
| California | 27.6 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 17.9 | 14.3 | 25.3 |
| Colorado | 27.3 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 17.9 |
| Connecticut | 28.7 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 25.0 |
| Delaware | 31.5 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 18.7 | 15.6 | 29.7 |
| District of Columbia | 26.8 | 8.0 | 5.1 | 19.8 | 12.5 | 29.3 |
| Florida | 34.6 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 21.3 | 17.5 | 28.0 |
| Georgia | 30.1 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 19.8 | 16.0 | 27.5 |
| Hawaii | 18.7 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 20.2 | 7.7 | 26.3 |
| Idaho | 26.8 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 14.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 |
| Illinios | 32.0 | 7.9 | 8.7 | 18.3 | 15.1 | 26.3 |
Identify each piece of data as a case, variable, label, or value.
The prevalence of atrial fibrilation in each state
The name of each state
In 2015, the prevalence of asthma in Florida was 9.1%.
The state of Illinois
As of 2015, 7.5% of the Medicare beneficiary population in California had asthma.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in each state
Introduction:
Case and Variable: The entity described in the data is a case and its characteristics are variables. For example, in a school database, each student is a case and its characteristics (such as Age, Class, Name etc) are the variables.
Value: It is the actual value of the variable for a particular case. For example, if the Student (case) was "Henry", the variable was "Age", then the value will be "170 cm".
Label: It has two meanings. This usually refers
to a category in which a case belongs. For example, "Henry" is
labeled as "Senior" represented by 0, and "Jack" may be labeled
"Junior" represented by 1.
In general, it can refer to any name given to any data point.
Solution:
These values are the characteristics of each state and they can take up any value for each state.
These can be treated as labels for cases (if we go by the definition that in general, labels are names given to any data point). Technically, these are Case Labels.
This represents a particular instance of a variable for a particular case.
This represents the case of Illinois which has many characteristics.
This represents a particular instance of a variable for a particular case.
This a characteristic and each case will have a different value of this characteristic.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) use their databases containing medical claims data to...
The data contained in the file named StateUnemp show the unemployment rate in March 2011 and the unemployment rate in March 2012 for every state.† State Unemploy- ment Rate March 2011 Unemploy- ment Rate March 2012 Alabama 9.3 7.3 Alaska 7.6 7.0 Arizona 9.6 8.6 Arkansas 8.0 7.4 California 11.9 11.0 Colorado 8.5 7.8 Connecticut 9.1 7.7 Delaware 7.3 6.9 Florida 10.7 ...