Assume the following rules of associativity and precedence for expressions:
Precedence | Highest | *, /, not |
+, -, &, mod | ||
- (unary) | ||
=, /=, <, <=, >=, > | ||
and | ||
Lowest | or, xor | |
Associativity | Left to right |
Show the order of evaluation of the following expressions by parenthesizing all subexpressions and placing a superscript on the right parenthesis to indicate order. For example, for the expression
a + b * c + d
the order of evaluation would be represented as
((a + (b * c)1)2 + d)3
a * b - 1 + c
a * (b - 1) / c mod d
(a - b) / c & (d * e / a - 3)
-a or c = d and e
a > b xor c or d <= 17
-a + b
Assume the following rules of associativity and precedence for expressions: Precedence Highest *, /, not +,...
4. Assume the following rules of associativity and precedence for expressions: Precedence Highest *, /, not +,-,&, mod - (unary) =,/=,<,<=,>=,> and or, xor Lowest Associativity Left to right Show the order of evaluation of the following expressions by parenthesizing all sub expressions and placing a superscript on the right parenthesis to indicate order. For example, for the expression a+b*c+d the order of evaluation would be represented as ((a+(b*c)1)2 +d)3 a * b - 1 + c a * (b...
1. Write a BNF description of the logical expressions and the relational expressions in C++. Make sure that the BNF reflects the order of precedence of the operators, as well as, the associativity rules. 2. Using the BNF rules in 1., give a rightmost derivation and show a parse tree for the expression below. 3. Prove that the following grammar is ambiguous and rewrite the grammar to remove ambiguity «newexp> → «newexp> @ <newexp> ulvl w I <other> <other> →
Stacks are used by compilers to help in the process of evaluating expressions and generating machine language code.In this exercise, we investigate how compilers evaluate arithmetic expressions consisting only of constants, operators and parentheses. Humans generally write expressions like 3 + 4and 7 / 9in which the operator (+ or / here) is written between its operands—this is called infix notation. Computers “prefer” postfix notation in which the operator is written to the right of its two operands. The preceding...
Q#2 (6 points) Assume following precedence levels 1. parentheses 2. unary operators 3. **(exponentiation: if the language supports it) 6. Relational operators 7. Conditional operators 8. Boolean operators Determine the value of the following expressions, assuming a 5, b 2, c 4 and d-5. a. a5 Answer: Answer: Answer: c. b* a-b*c)
1. (p. 2-3.) Which of the following is NOT a reason for studying concepts of programming languages according to Sebesta? a. Increased capacity to express ideas. b. Improved background for choosing appropriate languages. c. Increased ability to design new languages. d. Increased ability to learn new languages. 2. (p. 5-6.) What programming language has dominated scientific computing over the past 50 years? a. FORTRAN b. ALGOL c. SNOBOL d. PL/I 3. (p. 6.) What programming language has dominated artificial intelligence...
This BNF grammar defines expressions with three operations, *, -, and +, and the variables “a”, “b”, “c”, and “d”. <expr> ::= <thing> | <thing> * <expr> <object> ::= <element> | <element> – <object> <thing> ::= <object> | <thing> + <object> <element> ::= a|b|c|d|(<object>) a) Give the order of precedence among the three operations. b) Give the order (left-to-right or right-to-left) of execution for each operation. c) Explain how the parentheses defined for the nonterminal <element> may be used in...
EVALUATING GENERAL INFIX EXPRESSIONS INTRODUCTION The notation in which we usually write arithmetic expressions is called infix notation; in it, operators are written between their operands: X + Y. Such expressions can be ambiguous; do we add or multiply first in the expression 5 + 3 * 2? Parentheses and rules of precedence and association clarify such ambiguities: multiplication and division take precedence over addition and subtraction, and operators associate from left to right. This project implements and exercises a stack-based algorithm that evaluates...
The questions in this section are based on the grammar given as the following: prog -> assign | expr assign -> id = expr expr -> expr + term | expr - term | term term -> factor | factor * term factor -> ( expr ) | id | num id -> A | B | C num -> 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 (2a) What is the associativity of the * operator? (5 points) (2b) What...
Complete the following java program in which infix expressions should be converted to postfix expressions /** * An algebraic expression class that has operations such as conversion from infix * expression to postfix expression, * and evaluation of a postfix expression */ public class Expression { /** * The infix of this expression */ private String infix; /** * Constructs an expression using an infix. */ public Expression(String infix){ this.infix = infix; } /** * Converts an infix expression into...
Rank the following substituents from lowest to highest priority according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules. =O -NH2 - CHI3 -OH E, B, A, D A, D, E, B OD, A, E,B B, E, D, A