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Derivatives are often used to hedge the purchase and sale of commodities, as well as against...

Derivatives are often used to hedge the purchase and sale of commodities, as well as against currency transactions. Please comment in 200 words or more on how hedging is used by businesses to mitigate risk.

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Hedging is a method employed by businesses to mitigate financial risk. Hedging uses financial instruments called derivatives to hedge the risk of financial loss. Derivative contracts used for hedging are forwards, futures and options. Forwards and futures contracts provide for buying/selling a specified quantity of the underlying asset at a specified price on a specified date. Option contracts give the option holder the option to buy or sell a specified quantity of the underlying asset at a specified price on a specified date.

A business which is a net buyer of commodities, such as a manufacturing firm, can use forward/future/call-option contracts to lock-in to the price at which the commodity will be purchased.

A business which is a net seller of commodities, such as a mining firm, can use forward/future/put-option contracts to lock-in to the price at which the commodity will be sold.

A business which needs to purchase foreign currency in the future, such as an importer, can use forward/future/call-option contracts to lock-in to the price at which the foreign currency will be purchased.

A business which needs to sell foreign currency in the future, such as an exporter, can use forward/future/put-option contracts to lock-in to the price at which the foreign currency will be sold.

In this way, businesses can mitigate financial risk by using derivatives.

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