Question

List 10 features that differentiate the interiors’ of bacteria and
archaea compared to eukaryotic cells.

Answer 1

CONTENT	BACTERIA	ARCHAE
CELL WALL	all bacteria contain peptidoglycans (a molecule composed of both protein and sugar rings) in their cell walls	archaea do not have this compound in their cell walls.
Cell wall made up of	Peptidoglycan / Lipopolysaccharide	Pseudopeptidoglycan
Cell division	Bacteria does not undergo this process.	Cell division in archaea undergoes distinct processes
Spores formation	Bacteria can form spores that lie dormant for years, until a proper habitat is found in which they can grow.	Archae haven't be found to do that.
Definition	Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.	The Archaea constitute a domain or kingdom of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells.
Habitat	ubiquitous and are found in soil, hot springs, radioactive waste water, Earth's crust, organic matter, bodies of plants and animals etc.	extreme and harsh environments like hot springs, salt lakes, marshlands, oceans, gut of ruminants and humans.
Reproduction	Eubacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission, budding, fragmentation, but eubacteria have the unique ability to form spores to remain dormant over years, a trait that is not exhibited by Archae.	Archae reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission, budding and fragmentation.
Types	Gram-positive and gram-negative.	Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles.
Lipid membrane	Eubacteria or bacteria have lipid membrane of ester bonds with fatty acids.	Archaea have ether bonds with the branching of aliphatic acids in their lipid membrane.
Metabolic pathway	Follow glycolysis pathway and Kreb's cycle to break down glucose.	Archaea do not follow glycolysis or Krebs cycle but uses similar pathway.
Examples	1.Streptococcus pneumoniae. 2.Yersinia pestis. 3.Escherichia coli (E.coli). 4.Salmonella enterica	1.Pyrolobus fumarii. 2.Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. 3.Pyrococcus furiosus. 4.Methanobacterium formicum.
Other features	Thymine is present in the tRNA. Introns are absent. RNA polymerase is simple and contains 4 subunits. Some bacteria are pathogens.	Introns are present. Thymine is absent in the tRNA (transferase RNA). RNA polymerase is complex and contains 10 subunits. Archaea are non-pathogens.