Question

(Biology Human Anatomy) Can someone help me with these questions?

How do the four types of bone cells contribute to bone remodeling? How are male and female pelvic girdles similar/different? What types of movements are produced for each joint? Identify bones and supporting structures in shoulder and knee joints.

Describe the microscopic anatomy of compact bone and spongy bone

Answer 1

Bone remodelling :The four type of bones cells in remodelling are :

1. Osteogenic cells :These cells develop to osteoblasts
2. Osteoblasts :Involves in bone formation
3. Osteocytes:Help in maintaining mineral concentration of matrix
4. Osteoclasts :responsible for reabsorption of bone.

Male and female pelvic girdle:The pelvis in females is larger and broader than that of the  male pelvis that is more taller (because of the higher iliac crest), narrower, and even much more compact.Also,The distance between the ischium bones is small in males in comparision to females as a result of which the female inlet becomes large and oval in shape, while the male inlet becomes more heart shaped.

Types of movements produced for each joint are

1. Hinge joint at knee and elbow for flexion and extension.
2. Ball and socket joint at hip ans shoulder for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction.

Shoulder and knee joints :

Knee has femur , tibia and patella as  bones.The knee joint is also known as  tibiofemoral joint which is a type of synovial hinge joint formed between three bones present i.e  the femur, tibia, and patella. There are presence of two rounded, convex processes at the distal end of femur known as  known as condyles that meet the two rounded, concave condyles present at the proximal end of the tibia. Shoulder has humerus and scapula as bones.The shoulder joint also known as Glenohumeral joint is a type of  ball and socket joint in which   head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Spongy and compact bone microscopic structure

Microscopic structure of compact bone : It is dense and consists of osteons.

Microscopic structure of compact bone :It is less dense and consists of mostly trabeculae that are nothing but lamellae being arranged in form of as rods or plates.

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