Question

Mrs. Smith came in through the front door of her house with an armful of groceries. She put the bag down on the kitchen counter and called to her husband. “Honey, I’m home! Are you ready for lunch?” She didn’t get an answer, so she walked to the living room and found Mr. Smith lying on the floor. “Honey! Are you okay?” she asked as she grabbed his shoulder. Mr. Smith responded weakly while clutching his chest. Mrs. Smith frantically called 911. It only took EMS a few minutes to arrive and the paramedics transported Mr. Smith to the hospital. Upon admission to the hospital, Mr. Smiths’ vital signs were recorded as follows: 7. For each value, indicate whether Mr. Smiths’ vitals were: Normal, Low or High. (1 point each) 8. What does an irregular heart rate mean? I do not want a diagnosis. Just explain what makes it irregular in your own simple terms. (1 point) 9. What is the two word name of the condition that caused Mr. Smith to clutch his chest? Type your answer as the two words, separated by one space and using lowercase letters. (1 point) 10. Chest pain is caused by a lack of what molecule, essential to sustain life? Type your answer as 1 word in lowercase letters. (1 point) 11. Which of the 3 tissues layers of the heart is affected by the lack of this molecule to result in the chest pain symptom? Be sure to use the 1 word clinical term for this cardiac tissue layer and type in lowercase letters. (1 point) 12. What diagnostic procedure could the ER doctor order to diagnose this malfunction? Type the abbreviation for this procedure in all Capital letters. (1 point) After reviewing the procedure ordered, the ER doctor ordered an echocardiogram to gather more information. The ER doctor then spoke with Mrs. Smith. “I’m very sorry, but your husband has had a heart attack due to a blocked coronary artery and minor damage to the Atrioventricular (AV) Node of the heart. He also has a calcified aortic valve. He is being taken to surgery for cardiac bypass and valve replacement.” 13. Explain what an echocardiogram does. Explain using your own, simple terms. (1 point) 14. The aortic valve is which type of the 2 types of valves found in the heart? Type answer as 1 word using lowercase letters. No abbreviations. (1 point) 15. If most of the calcification of the aortic valve was located on the right side of the valve, it would disrupt blood flow through which of the two major coronary blood vessels? Type answer as 3 words in lowercase letters and separated by one space. (1 point) 16. This major coronary blood vessel divides to form this coronary blood vessel down the side of the right atrium. Type answer as 2 words in lowercase letters and separated by one space. (1 point) Mr. Smith Normal, Low or High Systolic BP (mmHg) 90 (8) Diastolic BP (mmHg) 52 (9) Oral Temperature (oF) 98.9 normal Heart Rate (beats/min) 120, irregular (10) 17. This same major coronary blood vessel divides to form another coronary blood vessel that runs down the back of the heart. Type answer as 3 words in lowercase letters and separated by one space. (1 point) 18. Minor damage to the AV node would cause which cardiac arrhythmia? Use the general arrhythmia diagnosis for this answer. Type answer as 2 words in lowercase letters separated by one space. (1 point) 19. Assuming the least severe form of this arrhythmia, what problem would have shown up in the EKG? (1 point) 20. Using your own words and simple terms, describe what cardiac bypass does that would improve coronary blood flow. (1 point) 21. What large diameter, low pressure blood vessel is most often used in cardiac bypass surgery? Type answer as 2 words using lowercase letters and separated by one space. (1 point)

Answer 1

7. The vital signs of Mr. Smith were as follows.

Body temperature - High, Blood pressure - low, Pulse rate -low, Respiration rate - High

8. An irregular Heart rate means a condition in which the heart beat not regularly instead, beats too fast or too slow.

9. myocardial infarction

10. oxygen

11. endocardium

12. ECG

13. Echocardiogram uses sound waves that are directed towards the heart to detect images of any damaged portion of the heart.

14. tricuspid