You will create a PYTHON program for Tic-Tac-Toe game. Tic-Tac-Toe is normally played with two people....
You will create a PYTHON program for Tic-Tac-Toe game. Tic-Tac-Toe is normally played with two people. One player is X and the other player is O. Players take turns placing their X or O. If a player gets three of his/her marks on the board in a row, column, or diagonal, he/she wins. When the board fills up with neither player winning, the game ends in a draw
1) Player 1 VS Player 2: Two players are playing the game (Player 1 and Player 2). You should have a flag for the turn of each player. The program must distinguish the players. You must create your program using functions in order to have a clean and structured code. The Player 1 must have the option to choose his/her symbol (X or O).
2) There is only one player that he is playing against an artificial intelligence (AI). The AI algorithm should choose the next move with the following priority to win, to block the player and randomly. The Player 1 must have the option to choose his/her symbol (X or O).
Save the current state game into a file. You should save the choice that has been made (Player 1 VS Player 2 or Player 1 VS Computer), the board and and the turn of the player. If the player puts as input the number ’0’ this will indicate that he needs to save the game and exit.
3) Load the saved state of the game and continue to play. You will need to create something similar with the memory of the advance calculator.
STARTED:
import random
# tic tac toe board
def drawBoard(board):
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[7] + ' | ' + board[8] + ' | ' + board[9])
print(' | |')
print('-----------')
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[4] + ' | ' + board[5] + ' | ' + board[6])
print(' | |')
print('-----------')
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[1] + ' | ' + board[2] + ' | ' + board[3])
print(' | |')
def menu():
print('Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!')
#player vs computer
#player chooses if they want to be x or o
def inputPlayerLetter():
letter = ''
while not (letter == 'X' or letter == 'O'):
print('Player1: Do you want to be X or O?')
letter = input().upper()
if letter == 'X':
return ['X', 'O']
else:
return ['O', 'X']
# who goes first: computer or player
def whoGoesFirst():
if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
return 'computer'
else:
return 'player'
#play again function
def playAgain():
print('Do you want to play again? (yes or no)')
return input().lower().startswith('y')
def makeMove(board, letter, move):
board[move] = letter
def isWinner(bo, le):
return ((bo[7] == le and bo[8] == le and bo[9] == le) or # across
the top
(bo[4] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[6] == le) or # across the
middle
(bo[1] == le and bo[2] == le and bo[3] == le) or # across the
bottom
(bo[7] == le and bo[4] == le and bo[1] == le) or # down the left
side
(bo[8] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[2] == le) or # down the
middle
(bo[9] == le and bo[6] == le and bo[3] == le) or # down the right
side
(bo[7] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[3] == le) or # diagonal
(bo[9] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[1] == le)) # diagonal
def getBoardCopy(board):
# Make a duplicate of the board list and return it the
duplicate.
dupeBoard = []
for i in board:
dupeBoard.append(i)
return dupeBoard
def isSpaceFree(board, move):
# Return true if the passed move is free on the passed board.
return board[move] == ' '
def getPlayerMove(board):
# Let the player type in his move.
move = ' '
while move not in '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'.split() or not
isSpaceFree(board, int(move)):
print('What is your next move? (1-9)')
move = input()
return int(move)
def chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, movesList):
# Returns a valid move from the passed list on the passed
board.
# Returns None if there is no valid move.
possibleMoves = []
for i in movesList:
if isSpaceFree(board, i):
possibleMoves.append(i)
if len(possibleMoves) != 0:
return random.choice(possibleMoves)
else:
return None
def getComputerMove(board, computerLetter):
# Given a board and the computer's letter, determine where to move
and return that move.
if computerLetter == 'X':
playerLetter = 'O'
else:
playerLetter = 'X'
# Here is our algorithm for our Tic Tac Toe AI:
# First, check if we can win in the next move
for i in range(1, 10):
copy = getBoardCopy(board)
if isSpaceFree(copy, i):
makeMove(copy, computerLetter, i)
if isWinner(copy, computerLetter):
return i
# Check if the player could win on his next move, and block
them.
for i in range(1, 10):
copy = getBoardCopy(board)
if isSpaceFree(copy, i):
makeMove(copy, playerLetter, i)
if isWinner(copy, playerLetter):
return i
# Try to take one of the corners, if they are free.
move = chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, [1, 3, 7, 9])
if move != None:
return move
# Try to take the center, if it is free.
if isSpaceFree(board, 5):
return 5
# Move on one of the sides.
return chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, [2, 4, 6, 8])
def isBoardFull(board):
# Return True if every space on the board has been taken. Otherwise
return False.
for i in range(1, 10):
if isSpaceFree(board, i):
return False
return True
print('Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!')
while True:
# Reset the board
theBoard = [' '] * 10
playerLetter, computerLetter = inputPlayerLetter()
turn = whoGoesFirst()
print('The ' + turn + ' will go first.')
gameIsPlaying = True
while gameIsPlaying:
if turn == 'player':
# Player's turn.
drawBoard(theBoard)
move = getPlayerMove(theBoard)
makeMove(theBoard, playerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, playerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('Hooray! You have won the game!')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!')
break
else:
turn = 'computer'
else:
# Computer's turn.
move = getComputerMove(theBoard, computerLetter)
makeMove(theBoard, computerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, computerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The computer has beaten you! You lose.')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!')
break
else:
turn = 'player'
if not playAgain():
break
Homework Answers
tic_tac_toe.py:
import random
# tic tac toe board
def drawBoard(board):
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[7] + ' | ' + board[8] + ' | ' + board[9])
print(' | |')
print('-----------')
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[4] + ' | ' + board[5] + ' | ' + board[6])
print(' | |')
print('-----------')
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[1] + ' | ' + board[2] + ' | ' + board[3])
print(' | |')
def menu():
print('Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!')
#player vs computer
#player chooses if they want to be x or o
def inputPlayerLetter():
letter = ''
while not (letter == 'X' or letter == 'O'):
print('Player1: Do you want to be X or O?')
letter = input().upper()
if letter == 'X':
return ['X', 'O']
else:
return ['O', 'X']
# who goes first: computer or player
def whoGoesFirst():
return random.choice(('computer', 'player'))
#play again function
def playAgain():
# This function returns True if the player wants to play again,
otherwise it returns False.
print('Do you want to play again? (yes or no)')
return input().lower().startswith('y')
def makeMove(board, letter, move):
if isSpaceFree(board,move):
board[move] = letter
else:
raise Exception("makemove: the field is not empty!")
def isWinner(bo, le):
# Given a board and a player's letter, this function returns True
if that player has won.
# We use bo instead of board and le instead of letter so we don't
have to type as much.
return ((bo[7] == le and bo[8] == le and bo[9] == le) or # across
the top
(bo[4] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[6] == le) or # across the
middle
(bo[1] == le and bo[2] == le and bo[3] == le) or # across the
bottom
(bo[7] == le and bo[4] == le and bo[1] == le) or # down the left
side
(bo[8] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[2] == le) or # down the
middle
(bo[9] == le and bo[6] == le and bo[3] == le) or # down the right
side
(bo[7] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[3] == le) or # diagonal
(bo[9] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[1] == le)) # diagonal
def getBoardCopy(board):
# Make a duplicate of the board list and return it the
duplicate.
dupeBoard = []
for i in board:
dupeBoard.append(i)
return dupeBoard
def isSpaceFree(board, move):
# Return true if the passed move is free on the passed board.
return board[move].isdigit()
def getPlayerMove(board):
# Let the player type in his move.
move = ' '
while move not in '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'.split() or not
isSpaceFree(board, int(move)):
print('What is your next move? (1-9)')
move = input()
return int(move)
def chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, movesList):
# Returns a valid move from the passed list on the passed
board.
# Returns None if there is no valid move.
possibleMoves = [i for i in movesList if isSpaceFree(board,
i)]
return random.choice(possibleMoves) if possibleMoves else None
def getComputerMove(board, computerLetter):
# Given a board and the computer's letter, determine where to move
and return that move.
playerLetter = 'O' if computerLetter == 'X' else 'X'
# Here is our algorithm for our Tic Tac Toe AI:
# First, check if we can win in the next move
for i in range(1, 10):
copy = getBoardCopy(board)
if isSpaceFree(copy, i):
makeMove(copy, computerLetter, i)
if isWinner(copy, computerLetter):
return i
# Check if the player could win on his next move, and block
them.
for i in range(1, 10):
copy = getBoardCopy(board)
if isSpaceFree(copy, i):
makeMove(copy, playerLetter, i)
if isWinner(copy, playerLetter):
return i
# Try to take one of the corners, if they are free.
move = chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, [1, 3, 7, 9])
if move != None:
return move
# Try to take the center, if it is free.
if isSpaceFree(board, 5):
return 5
# Move on one of the sides.
return chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, [2, 4, 6, 8])
def isBoardFull(board):
# Return True if every space on the board has been taken. Otherwise
return False.
for i in range(1, 10):
if isSpaceFree(board, i):
return False
return True
def main():
print('Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!')
while True:
# Reset the board
theBoard = [' '] * 10
for i in range(9,0,-1):
theBoard[i] = str(i)
playerLetter, computerLetter = inputPlayerLetter()
turn = whoGoesFirst()
print('The ' + turn + ' will go first.')
gameIsPlaying = True
while gameIsPlaying:
if turn == 'player':
# Player's turn.
drawBoard(theBoard)
move = getPlayerMove(theBoard)
makeMove(theBoard, playerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, playerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('Hooray! You have won the game!')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!')
break
else:
turn = 'computer'
else:
# Computer's turn.
move = getComputerMove(theBoard, computerLetter)
makeMove(theBoard, computerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, computerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The computer has beaten you! You lose.')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!')
break
else:
turn = 'player'
else:
#compute's turn.
move = getComputerMove(theBoard, computerLetter)
makeMove(theBoard, computerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, computerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The computer has beaten you! You Lose.')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!.')
break
else:
turn = 'player'
if not playAgain():
break
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Output:
tic_tac_toe.py:
import random
# tic tac toe board
def drawBoard(board):
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[7] + ' | ' + board[8] + ' | ' + board[9])
print(' | |')
print('-----------')
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[4] + ' | ' + board[5] + ' | ' + board[6])
print(' | |')
print('-----------')
print(' | |')
print(' ' + board[1] + ' | ' + board[2] + ' | ' + board[3])
print(' | |')
def menu():
print('Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!')
#player vs computer
#player chooses if they want to be x or o
def inputPlayerLetter():
letter = ''
while not (letter == 'X' or letter == 'O'):
print('Player1: Do you want to be X or O?')
letter = input().upper()
if letter == 'X':
return ['X', 'O']
else:
return ['O', 'X']
# who goes first: computer or player
def whoGoesFirst():
return random.choice(('computer', 'player'))
#play again function
def playAgain():
# This function returns True if the player wants to play again,
otherwise it returns False.
print('Do you want to play again? (yes or no)')
return input().lower().startswith('y')
def makeMove(board, letter, move):
if isSpaceFree(board,move):
board[move] = letter
else:
raise Exception("makemove: the field is not empty!")
def isWinner(bo, le):
# Given a board and a player's letter, this function returns True
if that player has won.
# We use bo instead of board and le instead of letter so we don't
have to type as much.
return ((bo[7] == le and bo[8] == le and bo[9] == le) or # across
the top
(bo[4] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[6] == le) or # across the
middle
(bo[1] == le and bo[2] == le and bo[3] == le) or # across the
bottom
(bo[7] == le and bo[4] == le and bo[1] == le) or # down the left
side
(bo[8] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[2] == le) or # down the
middle
(bo[9] == le and bo[6] == le and bo[3] == le) or # down the right
side
(bo[7] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[3] == le) or # diagonal
(bo[9] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[1] == le)) # diagonal
def getBoardCopy(board):
# Make a duplicate of the board list and return it the
duplicate.
dupeBoard = []
for i in board:
dupeBoard.append(i)
return dupeBoard
def isSpaceFree(board, move):
# Return true if the passed move is free on the passed board.
return board[move].isdigit()
def getPlayerMove(board):
# Let the player type in his move.
move = ' '
while move not in '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'.split() or not
isSpaceFree(board, int(move)):
print('What is your next move? (1-9)')
move = input()
return int(move)
def chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, movesList):
# Returns a valid move from the passed list on the passed
board.
# Returns None if there is no valid move.
possibleMoves = [i for i in movesList if isSpaceFree(board,
i)]
return random.choice(possibleMoves) if possibleMoves else None
def getComputerMove(board, computerLetter):
# Given a board and the computer's letter, determine where to move
and return that move.
playerLetter = 'O' if computerLetter == 'X' else 'X'
# Here is our algorithm for our Tic Tac Toe AI:
# First, check if we can win in the next move
for i in range(1, 10):
copy = getBoardCopy(board)
if isSpaceFree(copy, i):
makeMove(copy, computerLetter, i)
if isWinner(copy, computerLetter):
return i
# Check if the player could win on his next move, and block
them.
for i in range(1, 10):
copy = getBoardCopy(board)
if isSpaceFree(copy, i):
makeMove(copy, playerLetter, i)
if isWinner(copy, playerLetter):
return i
# Try to take one of the corners, if they are free.
move = chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, [1, 3, 7, 9])
if move != None:
return move
# Try to take the center, if it is free.
if isSpaceFree(board, 5):
return 5
# Move on one of the sides.
return chooseRandomMoveFromList(board, [2, 4, 6, 8])
def isBoardFull(board):
# Return True if every space on the board has been taken. Otherwise
return False.
for i in range(1, 10):
if isSpaceFree(board, i):
return False
return True
def main():
print('Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!')
while True:
# Reset the board
theBoard = [' '] * 10
for i in range(9,0,-1):
theBoard[i] = str(i)
playerLetter, computerLetter = inputPlayerLetter()
turn = whoGoesFirst()
print('The ' + turn + ' will go first.')
gameIsPlaying = True
while gameIsPlaying:
if turn == 'player':
# Player's turn.
drawBoard(theBoard)
move = getPlayerMove(theBoard)
makeMove(theBoard, playerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, playerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('Hooray! You have won the game!')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!')
break
else:
turn = 'computer'
else:
# Computer's turn.
move = getComputerMove(theBoard, computerLetter)
makeMove(theBoard, computerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, computerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The computer has beaten you! You lose.')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!')
break
else:
turn = 'player'
else:
#compute's turn.
move = getComputerMove(theBoard, computerLetter)
makeMove(theBoard, computerLetter, move)
if isWinner(theBoard, computerLetter):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The computer has beaten you! You Lose.')
gameIsPlaying = False
else:
if isBoardFull(theBoard):
drawBoard(theBoard)
print('The game is a tie!.')
break
else:
turn = 'player'
if not playAgain():
break
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Output:
Add Answer to:
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