Question

Q1.What are the factors governing soil pollutant interaction

Q2 Give notes on                                                                                          

1. Bioremediation
2. Bioventing
3. Soil washing
4. Electrokinetics
5. Soil heating

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Answer 1

Q1.Contamination has direct or indirect effects on the properties of soil i.e when there is an interaction between the organic or inorganic pollutants that are present in pollutants or generated from pollutants or generated from pollutants when they are exposed to environmental conditions.The chemical characteristics of these pollutants depend on the origin of i.e industries and on their products. The properties of pollutants that influence soil are i) Characteristics of pollutants,ii) pH, iii) Temperature,iv)Retention of pollutants and v) Viscosity of solution.

Q2.i)Bioremediation is a process that treat contaminants in the water,soil and other environments using microorganisms, plants, or microbial or plant enzymes either occurring naturally or deliberately done.

ii)Bioventing is a process in which stimulation of the natural in-situ biodegradation of contaminants in soil is done by providing air or oxygen to existing soil microorganisms.

iii)Soil washing is an ex-situ remediation technique that removes hazardous contaminants from soil by washing it with a liquid i.e to separate these contaminated fines and wash water from the cleaned coarse-grained soils by scrubbing the soil, separating the clean soils from contaminated soil and wash water.

iv)Electrokinetics has various phenomena resulting from the distributions of charges and electric potentials at interfaces between different phases.

v)Soil heating is a method of thermal stabilization of of soil.It affects microorganisms either directly by killing them or altering their reproductive capabilities or indirectly by altering the composition of organic matter present in the soil.Changes in the amount of dissolved organic carbon and soil organic carbon within soil can effect its ability to respirate, either increasing or decreasing the soils carbon uptake.

Since these are the definitions the physical meaning remains the same.