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How do we know that some proteins have free lateral mobility in membranes, and other do...

How do we know that some proteins have free lateral mobility in membranes, and other do not?
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FRAP (Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching) experiment can be performed to test which proteins have free lateral mobility in membranes, and which proteins do not.

In FRAP, membrane proteins under study are fluorescently labeled first. Then very carefully, a specific portion of the membrane carrying such proteins is bleached using laser light (laser when falls on fluorescent molecules destroys the fluorescence). So the proteins from a specific region loses their fluorescent identity. Now the cell fluorescence is studied for some time. If the fluorescence comes back in the bleached region, then the proteins have free lateral mobility, which means the proteins from other regions of the membrane have freely diffused into the bleached region. And if the bleached region doesn't recover the fluorescence, then prptepro are relatively fixed in membranes and cannot easily laterally diffuse.

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