Question

1. Explain how Jewish identity can be based on religious, ethnic, or cultural elements - or any combination of them.

2. How did the Enlightenment affect Jews living in Europe?

3. What is anti-semitism, and how does it differ from anti-Judaism? What were some of the circumstances in Europe in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that gave rise to anti-semitism?

4. Describe the life-cycle rituals that provide a "framework of meaning" for Jews as they pass through different stages of their lives.

5. What are some of the religious traditions that Jewish women today are challenging?

Answer 1

• 2.The spread of the ideals of the Enlightenment in the countries of Western and Central Europe throughout the 18th century brought about a profound change in the attitude of the educated class of Europeans toward the Jews.
• A result of the economic, social, and cultural change in the 18th century, the Haskalah emerged as the movement that brought the European Enlightenment to the Jewish world.
• The Haskalah pursued a double purpose: the enlightenment of Jews as human beings, and the enlightenment of Jews as Jews.Restrictions were lifted and Jews were allowed to live anywhere they wanted to live.Some places even gave them citizenship in Europe and that allowed them to be able to vote,occupations and college opportunities.
• 5.The jewish women today want gender equality in all aspects;traditions,rituals and rites that go deep into their religion as gender specific.Women are not seen the same as men and are not treated equally either.
• Due to time limit,remaining can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation