Question

1.What is a "commons"? How is it different from an "open access resource"?

2.What is Boyce’s “second tragedy of open access”?

3.Why are poor people much more likely to live around pollution?

4.Why did the 1984 Cerrell Report suggest that incinerators should not be placed within one mile and five mile radii of middle income and higher income neighborhoods [respectively]? (150-300 words)

5.Suppose you are told about two American cities -- one city where black residents had much higher exposure to industrial air toxics than the white residents, and a second city where the two groups had only a small difference in exposure. Based on this information, which city’s white residents, the first or the second, are likely to have the most exposure to air toxins? Why?

6.How does inequality contribute to environmental degradation?

Answer 1

As per HomeworkLib guidelines first question is answered

Kindly ask rest of the questions in a separate post.

1.

Commons or common resources are those resources which are rival in nature but non excludable. E g fishes in a pond

Open access resources are also similar to common resources. They are also rival and non excludable in nature, but these resources are difficult to access and cannot be regulated. These are nothing but extended version of common resources, except for the fact that regulating and managing them is difficult.