Question

1.) According to bounded rationality theory, people make the best decisions when their perceptions are "bounded" or framed by past experience.

Group of answer choices

True

False

2.) One school of management thought states that organizational decisions and actions are influenced mainly by what attracts management's attention, rather than by the objective reality of the external or internal environment. Which of the following practices is closely associated with this argument?

Group of answer choices

stakeholder framing

rational decision-making process

perceptual defense

programmed decision making

decisive leadership

3.) The rational choice decision-making process recommends choosing the alternative with a moderate subjective expected utility.

Group of answer choices

False

True

4.) Divergent thinking refers to calculating the conventionally accepted "right answer" to a logical problem.

Group of answer choices

False

True

5.) The representativeness heuristic refers to the tendency

Group of answer choices

for decision makers to evaluate alternatives sequentially rather than comparing them all at once.

to evaluate probabilities of an event or an object by how closely it resembles another event or object.

for people to influence an initial anchor point.

to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best.

to estimate the probability of something occurring by how easily we can recall those events.

6.) The gap between “what is” and “what ought to be” is also called a

Group of answer choices

opportunity.

choice.

decision.

problem.

deviation.

7.) The incubation stage of creativity is more effective when the decision maker sets aside all other activities and focuses attention on the issue or problem.

Group of answer choices

True

False

8.) Satisficing refers to

Group of answer choices

a desirable outcome of decision making when several employees participate in the decision process.

the tendency for decision makers to evaluate alternatives sequentially rather than comparing them all at once.

the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best.

the feeling employees experience when they make the right decision.

the feeling employees experience when they are not involved in a decision in which they would have made a valuable contribution.

9.) Prospect theory and closing costs are two reasons why people

Group of answer choices

encourage employee involvement.

engage in escalation of commitment.

make nonprogrammed decisions rather than programmed decisions.

define problems in terms of preferred solutions.

demonstrate satisficing behaviors.

10.) What effect do mental models have on the decision-making process?

Group of answer choices

They allow decision makers to obtain accurate information from the surroundings.

They perpetuate assumptions that make it difficult to see new opportunities.

They allow decision makers to maximize the potential of their decision making.

They help people to be more creative in decision making.

They reduce the importance of developing alternative solutions to the problem

Answer 1

Important: Please note that, as per guidelines, we can solve one question per post. For your convenience, I have solved all the given questions. Upvote the answer if you find it helpful.

Answer1:

False

Answer2:

stakeholder framing

One school of management thought states that organizational decisions and actions are influenced mainly by what attracts management's attention, rather than by the objective reality of the external or internal environment. This would lead to stakeholder framing. Stakeholders present the information in such a way that it triggers the decision maker's emotional response that the information is a problem, an opportunity, or inconsequential.

Answer3:

False

Answer4:

False

Answer5:

estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event.

The representativeness heuristic refers to the tendency to perceive others in stereotypical ways if they appear to be typical representatives of the category to which they belong.

Answer6:

Problem

A problem is a deviation between the current and the desired situation—the gap between "what is" and "what ought to be.

Answer7:

False

Answer8:

the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best.

Satisficing is the act of choosing an alternative that is satisfactory or "good enough.

Answer9:

engage in an escalation of commitment.

Answer10:

They perpetuate assumptions that make it difficult to see new opportunities.