Question

Who among the following is most likely to be diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder?

		Matt, who experiences one or two manic episodes every month, along with hallucinations
		Ricardo, who has experienced a significant depressive episode
		Felicia, who has been experiencing a less extreme depressive mood for over two months
		Melisa, who experiences extreme mood swings

Negative reinforcement in operant conditioning is defined as

		a decrease in a behavior when it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus.
		a decrease in a behavior when it is followed by the removal of a stimulus.
		an increase in the frequency of a behavior because it is followed by the removal of something undesirable.
		an increase in the frequency of a behavior because it is followed by a desirable stimulus.

Which of the following best defines teratogen?

		It is any agent that causes a birth defect.
		It is a term used to describe all microorganisms that cause fatal diseases.
		It is any chemical that contains an alcohol group.
		It is a drug that enhances the growth of a fetus.

Which of the following statements is true of industrial and organizational psychology?

		Industrial psychology focuses on personnel matters, whereas organizational psychology focuses on organizational leadership.
		Both are centered on the workers in organizations and not on the organizations that employ the workers.
		Both industrial and organizational psychologists can prescribe medicines.
		Industrial psychology exclusively uses the behavioral approach to psychology, whereas organizational psychology exclusively uses the biological approach to psychology.

Answer 1

• ANSWER-Felicia, who has been experiencing a less extreme depressive mood for over two months.This is known as dysthymia,in which depression is chronic and symptoms do not disapper for more than two months at a time.
• ANSWER-Negative reinforcement in operant conditioning is defined as an increase in the frequency of a behavior because it is followed by the removal of something undesirable.For example,in order to stop my mother from nagging me continously to clean up my room,I start cleaning before she even starts.This behaviour of cleaning is avoidance of aversive stimulus of nagging.
• ANSWER-Teratogen is any agent that causes a birth defect.
• These are substances which can cause physical or functional defects in a growing embryo if a pregnant woman is exposed to it.For example alcohol,drugs,paints,lead etc.
• ANSWER-Industrial psychology focuses on personnel matters, whereas organizational psychology focuses on organizational leadership.
• Industrial psychology uses psychological approach to aid in personnel selection.It focuses on job descriptions,personnel characteristics,performance appraisal etc.
• Organizational psychology focuses on interactions between employees in a workplace and effects of those interactions on them and the organization.