Intermolecular forces existing between molecules are solely responsible for a compound existing in the solid phase. If the magnitude of these forces are overcome by external energy, they tend to go into a liquid phase. Now, the predominant such force present in sodium chloride is the immense attractive force between positive and negative ions in the ionic salt - electrostatic interaction. Triacontane is a saturated hydrocarbon and so, in its solid state, the strongest forces existing between triacontane molecules is van der Waals forces which is a hydrophobic interaction that arises from the attraction of positively charged particles in atoms' nuclei and other atoms' negatively charged electron clouds. Finally, the intermolecular force responsible for forming a solid of 1-hexadecanol is hydrogen bonding. This arises by hydrogens attached to electronegative atoms, forming a very weak, reversible bond with other alcohol molecule's atoms with one or more available lone pairs of electrons to donate reversibly to the H atom. In this case, the hydroxyl H and hydroxyl O atoms of different 1-hexadecanol molecules form H-bonding.
What forces are most responsible for forming the following solids: sodium chloride, triacontane (C30H62) and 1-hexadecanol.
1. Ionic solids easily dissolve in water. Using sodium chloride as an example, explain the mechanism by which the dissolution is made possible. 5. Describe the typical characteristic of hygroscopic food substances. 2. Describe the roles dipole and hydrogen bonding play in the dissolution of polar molecules in water. 3. Crackers have an aof 0.3. What happens when they are exposed to air with 80% relative humidity? 4. What is a Moisture Sorption Isotherm (MSI)? 1. Ionic solids easily dissolve...
1. 4. What property of water is responsible for water transport in plants? Question 4 options: a. moderation of temperature b. insulation c. its versatility as a solvent d. cohesion 5. 5. Which of the following explains what is happening when sodium chloride dissolves in water? Question 5 options: a. Covalent bonds are breaking and re-forming. b. More hydrogen bonds are forming between water molecules. c. Sodium and chloride atoms are separating from one another d. Hydration shells are...
Electrolytes include the following minerals: Sodium, Potassium, Chloride. True or False The nutrients most important in the growth and development of healthy bones include Calcium, Magnesium, Flouride, and Phosphorus. True or False The most common nutrient deficiency seen in the US involves the mineral Iron. True False The group of minerals responsible for regulating fluid balance is referred to as electrolytes. True or False COURSE: Essentials of Nutrition
The predominant intermolecualr forces that cause the dissolution of sodium chloride in water are?London Dispersion ForcesDipole-dipole interactionsHydrogen bondIon-dipole interactions
Sodium bicarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid in a gas-forming reaction to produce aqueous sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas: NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Determine the mass of CO2 gas produced when 8.67 g of NaHCO3 is added to a solution that contains 5.65 g of HCl. ___g?
6. Classify each of the following solids according to the forces of attraction that exist between the structural units: a zinc b. sodium iodide, Nal csilicon carbide, SIC d. methane, CH
Solution Stoichiometry Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), forming sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). This equation is balanced as written: 2HCl(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) a) What volume of 2.75 M HCl in liters is needed to react completely (with nothing left over) with 0.750 L of 0.300 M Na2CO3? b) A 565-mL sample of unknown HCl solution reacts completely with Na2CO3 to form 10.1 g CO2. What was the concentration of the HCl solution? How do I...
Hydrochloric acid (HClHCl) reacts with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3Na2CO3), forming sodium chloride (NaClNaCl), water (H2OH2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2CO2). This equation is balanced as written: 2HCl(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) A. What volume of 2.50 MM HClHCl in liters is needed to react completely (with nothing left over) with 0.750 LL of 0.400 MM Na2CO3Na2CO3? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. B. A 675-mLmL sample of unknown HClHCl solution reacts completely with Na2CO3Na2CO3 to form 11.1 gg CO2CO2. What...
Table I-B. Volatility of Different Liquids – Interparticle Forces and Conclusions Ranking Compound Name Most Important Interparticle Forces least volatile water ↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓ 3-pentanone most volatile hexane Conclusion: VOLATILITY INCREASES AS INTERPARTICLE FORCES GET… (put X) STRONGER WEAKER Table II-C. Viscosity of Different Liquids – Interparticle Forces and Conclusions Ranking Compound Name Most Important Interparticle Forces least viscous hexane ↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓ water most viscous glycerin Conclusion: VISCOSITY INCREASES AS INTERPARTICLE FORCES GET… STRONGER WEAKER Conclusion: AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES, VISCOSITY… INCREASES DECREASES STAYS...
The following enthalpy change is known for the dissolution of sodium chloride in water. What is the energy needed or released for the dissolution of 58.44g of sodium chloride in water? NaCl (s) Na* (aq) + Cl- (aq) AH = +3.87 kJmol-1