Heterozygosity (H) is defined as the proportion of all genotypes in a population at a given...
Heterozygosity (H) is defined as the proportion of all genotypes in a population at a given locus that are heterozygous. H varies between 0-1. For Populations 1 and 2 indicated below, determine the value of H expected under the HW model, and write the observed and expected values of H into the appropriate places in the table below. (20 pts) Note that the HW expected heterozygosity is based on applying the HW model to the observed allele frequencies. Provide a hypothesis for how heterozygosity in each population might have come to differ from the HW model, taking into account whether the population has a deficit or an excess of heterozygosity. (20 pts) [Assume the difference is real and not just a result of sampling error.]
|
Population 1 |
Population 2 |
|
|
Genotype AA |
0.061 |
0.076 |
|
Genotype Aa |
0.278 |
0.248 |
|
Genotype aa Observed H: Expected H: |
0.661 |
0.676 |
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Heterozygosity (H) is defined as the proportion of all genotypes
in a population at a given...
Consider a locus of interest that has two alleles: A and a. A diploid individual carrying...
Consider a locus of interest that has two alleles: A and a. A diploid individual carrying these alleles can have one of three genotypes: AA, Aa, or aa; a population will consist of some combination of AA, Aa, and aa individuals. The relatively frequency of each of these genotypes makes up the population's structure. Hardy and Weinberg independently figured out that, in the absence of forces that cause evolutionary change, the population structure will 'settle' or default to equilibrium values,...
In a population, you observe 300 homozygous dominant (AA) individuals, 400 heterozygous (Aa) individuals, and 300...
In a population, you observe 300 homozygous dominant (AA) individuals, 400 heterozygous (Aa) individuals, and 300 homozygous recessive (aa) individuals. Please show all your work while answer the following questions. What are the observed allele frequencies for this population? • observed dominant allele (A) frequency: • observed recessive allele (a) frequency: What are the observed genotype frequencies for this population? • observed homozygous dominant (AA) genotype frequency: • observed heterozygous (Aa) genotype frequency: • observed homozygous recessive (aa) genotype frequency:...
question 14 and 15 13. Out of 100 red oaks (Quercus rubra) in a population, the...
question 14 and 15
13. Out of 100 red oaks (Quercus rubra) in a population, the frequency of B allele is 0.45. The other allele at the locus, a recessive allele (b), was expressed in 20 individuals. Determine: 1) observed and expected genotype frequencies, and 2) whether the pop'n is at H-W Equilibrium. a. If you conclude its not in H-W Eq., design a study that would eliminate or confirm one evolutionary mechanisms that may be at work. 14. Challenge...
Assume you have a population of stinkbug larvae scored for their genotypes at the PGI-2 allozyme...
Assume you have a population of stinkbug larvae scored for their genotypes at the PGI-2 allozyme locus: PGI-2a/PGI-2a: 125 individuals PGI-2a/PGI-2b: 250 individuals PGI-2b/PGI-2b: 125 individuals Now assume that only 70% of the heterozygotes survive to adulthood and become stinkbugs. a) Calculate the observed genotype and allele frequencies for the initial larvae. b) Calculate the expected Hardy-Weinberg genotypic frequencies for the larvae. Are the larvae in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? c) What are the genotypic and allele frequencies among adults in the...
In a large random mating population of plants, 16,800 individuals express the phenotype of the do...
In a large random mating population of plants, 16,800 individuals express the phenotype of the dominant allele (genotypes AA and Aa) and 3200 express the phenotype of the recessive allele (genotype aa). a. What are the frequencies of the two alleles in this population? b. How many plants would be expected to heterozygous? c. You decide to select for the recessive phenotype and pull up 50% of the plants expressing the dominant phenotype. What will be the gene frequencies of...
Problem Description: An ichthyologist wants to determine if a population of Lumpsuckers is evolving. He samples...
Problem Description: An ichthyologist wants to determine if a population of Lumpsuckers is evolving. He samples 5,000 fish and determines their genotype for an AFLP locus with two alleles: B (band) and Nb (no band). He notices that 3,500 individuals are homozygous for the B allele, with the rest of individuals equally divided amongst heterozygotes and Nb homozygotes. Questions: How many individuals are there in the sample for the other two genotypes? (2 pts) What are the observed genotypic frequencies...
1 IW (A) Explain the following concepts. 2 marks) [2 marks) 2 marks 1. Population (in population ...
1 IW (A) Explain the following concepts. 2 marks) [2 marks) 2 marks 1. Population (in population genetics) 2. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium 3. Mendel's laws of segregation (B) Consider a self-fertilizing population of plants that consists of 25% AA, 50% Aa, and 25% . Write down the genotype frequencies of AA, Aa, and aa after one generation of self- fertilization, assuming that there is a constant reproduction rate for all genotypes 4 marks 2 marks 2. At this generation, show...
The table shows a population consisting of 80 individuals for which genotypes AA, Aa, and aa...
The table shows a population consisting of 80 individuals for which genotypes AA, Aa, and aa have been identified and counted. This organism is a diploid, and A and a are the only alleles at the locus. Using the data from this table as a starting point, categorize each statement below as true or false. Genotype Number of individuals АА 40 Aa 30 aa 10 Total 80 The a allele frequency is 1-0.6875 = 0.3125. The number of a alleles...
The table shows a population consisting of 80 individuals for which genotypes AA, Aa, and a...
The table shows a population consisting of 80 individuals for which genotypes AA, Aa, and a have been identified and counted. This organism is a diploid, and A and a are the only alleles at the locus. Using the data from this table as a starting point, categorize each statement below as true or false. Aa Genotype Number of individuals АА 40 30 aa 10 Total 80 The frequency of the A allele is 0.6875 The number of a alleles...
2. genotypes in the population according to this table, where "A" represents the dominant allele and...
2. genotypes in the population according to this table, where "A" represents the dominant allele and "a" represents the recessive allele. A simple dominant-recessive model for a genetic trait results in a distribution of Genotype: Percent of population: Aa 5% 5% 1 For simplicity, we only consider male and female in this problem. A field biologist studying Andean birds wants to know whether this simple model may be appropriate to describe coloration of a species of bird. After collecting DNA...
Consider a locus of interest that has two alleles: A and a. A diploid individual carrying these alleles can have one of three genotypes: AA, Aa, or aa; a population will consist of some combination of AA, Aa, and aa individuals. The relatively frequency of each of these genotypes makes up the population's structure. Hardy and Weinberg independently figured out that, in the absence of forces that cause evolutionary change, the population structure will 'settle' or default to equilibrium values,...
In a population, you observe 300 homozygous dominant (AA) individuals, 400 heterozygous (Aa) individuals, and 300 homozygous recessive (aa) individuals. Please show all your work while answer the following questions. What are the observed allele frequencies for this population? • observed dominant allele (A) frequency: • observed recessive allele (a) frequency: What are the observed genotype frequencies for this population? • observed homozygous dominant (AA) genotype frequency: • observed heterozygous (Aa) genotype frequency: • observed homozygous recessive (aa) genotype frequency:...
question 14 and 15
13. Out of 100 red oaks (Quercus rubra) in a population, the frequency of B allele is 0.45. The other allele at the locus, a recessive allele (b), was expressed in 20 individuals. Determine: 1) observed and expected genotype frequencies, and 2) whether the pop'n is at H-W Equilibrium. a. If you conclude its not in H-W Eq., design a study that would eliminate or confirm one evolutionary mechanisms that may be at work. 14. Challenge...
1 IW (A) Explain the following concepts. 2 marks) [2 marks) 2 marks 1. Population (in population genetics) 2. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium 3. Mendel's laws of segregation (B) Consider a self-fertilizing population of plants that consists of 25% AA, 50% Aa, and 25% . Write down the genotype frequencies of AA, Aa, and aa after one generation of self- fertilization, assuming that there is a constant reproduction rate for all genotypes 4 marks 2 marks 2. At this generation, show...
The table shows a population consisting of 80 individuals for which genotypes AA, Aa, and aa have been identified and counted. This organism is a diploid, and A and a are the only alleles at the locus. Using the data from this table as a starting point, categorize each statement below as true or false. Genotype Number of individuals АА 40 Aa 30 aa 10 Total 80 The a allele frequency is 1-0.6875 = 0.3125. The number of a alleles...
The table shows a population consisting of 80 individuals for which genotypes AA, Aa, and a have been identified and counted. This organism is a diploid, and A and a are the only alleles at the locus. Using the data from this table as a starting point, categorize each statement below as true or false. Aa Genotype Number of individuals АА 40 30 aa 10 Total 80 The frequency of the A allele is 0.6875 The number of a alleles...
2. genotypes in the population according to this table, where "A" represents the dominant allele and "a" represents the recessive allele. A simple dominant-recessive model for a genetic trait results in a distribution of Genotype: Percent of population: Aa 5% 5% 1 For simplicity, we only consider male and female in this problem. A field biologist studying Andean birds wants to know whether this simple model may be appropriate to describe coloration of a species of bird. After collecting DNA...
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