Discuss the advantages and disadvantages in human use of murine, chimeric, humanized and human antibodies.
Answer=
murine antibodies
advantages of murine antibodies =Many completely murine antibodies used for imaging and therapeutic applications.some are CD3(orthocloneOKT3 immunosuppresant used in organ transplant) and Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin a radioimmunotherapeutic agent used as an antineoplastic agent in non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.)
disadvantages -1.The reduced plasma half-life of murine versus human IgG
2.the human against mouse antibody (HAMA) response which further reduces the half life.A human IgG has a half-life of about three weeks.Murine IgG has a half life of only a few hours
3.Murine IgG tends to invoke a HAMA response that not only causes faster removal of the mouse IgG,but also can elicit an anaphylactic hypersensitivity response due to its foreign nature
chimeric antibodies =
advantages - useful human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibodies are
abciximab -used with coronary artery procedures.
Infliximab -binds tumor necrosis factor,used to treat autoimmune diseases.
Cetuximab - inhibits epidural growth factor.used to slow growth of metastatic disease.
disadvantages =-lot of variability with repect to antibody classIgG,IgM composition,specificity and affinity.
- Difficulty in sourcing large amounts with high titre
- Limitations with respect to characterization
humanized antibodies =
advantages- generally have less adverse human immunological responses than murine or chimeric antibodies.
disadvantages=retension of the combining region conformational integrity.
Altering the alignment of a selected CDR residue by even a few degrees can drastically change the antibodies binding affinity and avidity lowering the binding efficiency of the chimeric or humanized antibody.
- Less likely to elicit an immune reponse than murine and chimeric antibodies
human antibodies=
advantages-are cheaper to develop than conventional drug because it is based on tested technology.
side effects can be treated and reduced by using mice-human hybrid cells or using fractions of antibodies.
They bind to specific diseased or damaged cells needing treatment.
disadvantages=
-They are expensive
- There were many side effects.
-It is difficult to get the right antibodies and attach a compound to it.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages in human use of murine, chimeric, humanized and human antibodies.
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