Question

1. Compare and contrast the atrioventricular with the semilunar valves.
2. Explain what a blood pressure of 120/80 represents.
3. A patient needs blood with no time to type blood, what type should be given and why?

Describe the process of coagulation including all necessary enzymes and cofactors.

2. Characterize and describe all of the formed elements of blood.   

3. Trace systemic blood flow (excluding pulmonary blood flow) from the big toe (R. great saphenous vein) back to the heart and to the forearm (L. radial artery).

Answer 1

Atrioventricular valves are valves present between artia and ventricles and they are mitral valve and tricuspid valves and they gets open during atrial systole and gets closed during ventricle systole when other valves called semilunar valve which are present after ventricles opens into aorta and pulmonary trunk gets opened to give supply to Body and lungs.

These are the two main types of valve which are present tricuspid valve present on right side of heart while bicuspid present on the left side of heart and semilunar valves are end valves makes supply to body

Blood pressure of 120/80 denotes that 120 is systolic pressure which is the pressure of heart in filling and emptying state and 80 represents a diastolic phase which is resting phase between two cycles.

So systolic phase is more harmful than diastolic phase

Pateints in emergency should be given O type blood with rh- because it acts as a universal donar and can improve the condition of patient in emergency

Mismatch blood can produce alloantibodies in blood causing risk of haemolysis.

this is the process of coagulation and there are 13 factors involved in coagulation factor with some co factors are vitamin k heparin ect

Factors are

Factor 1 fibrinogen

Factor 2 prothrombin

Factor 3 tissue thromboplastin

Factor 4 calcium ions

Factor 5 labile

Factor 7 stable

Factor 8 antihaemophillic factor

Factor 9 christmas factor

Factor 10 stuart powar factor

Factor 11 plasma thromboplastin antecedent

Factor 12 hageman factor

These are the clotting factors and co factors are factor 5th and 7th..

Formed elements of blood are erythrocytes leucocytes and thrombocytes and plasma if we wish to include these all forms the formed elements where erythrocytes is redblood cells

Leucocytes are white blood cells or army and shoulders

And thrombocytes or platelets these are formed elements...

These arey only questions i am focusing on

Cant solve 3rd questions as i don't have that much idea.