evaporation processes
Homework Answers
A tomato-juice evaporator takes in juice at the rate of 1200 kg/h. If the concentrated juice...
A tomato-juice evaporator takes in juice at the rate of 1200 kg/h. If the concentrated juice contains 35% of solids and the hourly rate of removal of water is 960 kg, (a) calculate the moisture content of the original juice, (b) the quantity of steam needed per hour for heating if the evaporator works at a pressure of 25 kPa. Assume no heat losses. Assume saturated steam at 50% quality is used to heat the evaporator at a temperature of...
Evaporation of Sugar Solution in a Multiple-Effect Evaporator. A triple-effect evaporator with forward feed is...
Evaporation of Sugar Solution in a Multiple-Effect Evaporator. A triple-effect evaporator with forward feed is evaporating a sugar solution with negligible boiling- point rise (less than 1.0 K, which will be neglected) and containing 5 wt% solids to 25% solids. Saturated steam at 205 kPa abs is being used. The pressure in the vapor space of the third effect is 13.65 kPa. The feed rate is 22 680 kg/h and the tempera- ture 299.9 K. The liquid heat capacity...
A long-tube vertical forced circulation evaporator is to be fed with 20 wt% caustic soda so at a ...
A long-tube vertical forced circulation evaporator is to be fed with 20 wt% caustic soda so at a temperature of 100 ℉. The concentrated liquor is expected to be 50 wt% NaOH. Satura steam at 65 psia is to be supplied to the 2700 evaporator which operates at 4 psia. The given heat transfer coefficient is 380 btwh.f.F ed a) Calculate the volumetric amount of steam utilized for the process in fth. (19 Marks) b) Determine the flow rate of...
1. An industrial plant needs 20,000 lbm of saturated steam at 280°F per hour for heating...
1. An industrial plant needs 20,000 lbm of saturated steam at 280°F per hour for heating purposes and ten MW of electrical power. A small turbine system is to be designed to handle both of these needs. Steam is supplied to a turbine at 400 psia pressure from a boiler and expanded until 280°F saturated steam is obtained whereupon the steam needed for heating is extracted. The rest of the steam is expanded in a second turbine to a condenser...
A pipe with insulation material is used to carry steam to an operating plant. The conditions...
A pipe with insulation material is used to carry steam to an operating plant. The conditions and dimensions for the system are as follows Variable Value Length of pipe, L 100 ft Inner diameter of pipe, Do 1 inch Outer diameter of pipe, D1 1.24 inches Outer diameter of insulation, D2 2 inches Inside film heat transfer coefficient for condensing saturated steam, ho 800 Btu/hr-ft2.oF Outside film heat transfer coefficient for air, ht 2 Btu/hr-ft2.oF Thermal conductivity of the pipe,...
Refrigerant 134a flows through an ideal vapor compression heat pump system with a heating capacity of...
Refrigerant 134a flows through an ideal vapor compression heat pump system with a heating capacity of 60,000 Btu/hr. The condenser operates at 200 psi, and the evaporator temperature is 0°F. The refrigerant is a saturated vapor at the evaporator exit and a saturated liquid at the condenser exit. The temperature at the compressor exit is 180°F. Assuming the compressor is not 100% isentropic, determine: a) Mass flow rate (lbm/min) b) Compressor power (hp) c) Isentropic compressor efficiency d) Coefficient of...
1. A ¾ inch (nominal), Schedule 40, mild steel pipe carries 40 psia steam through a...
1. A ¾ inch (nominal), Schedule 40, mild steel pipe carries 40 psia steam through a room having an air temperature of 80°F. The pipe is covered with a 0.125 ft thick layer of fiberglass insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.037 Btu/(h ft ‘F). The hi value on the steam side of the pipe is 1000 Btu/h ft2 °F. The ho value on the outside of the insulation is 2.0 Btu/(h ft2 ’F). For the mild steel, k=26Btu/(ft H...
(12). An evaporator is fed with 10000 kg/hr of a solution containing 1% solute by weight....
(12). An evaporator is fed with 10000 kg/hr of a solution containing 1% solute by weight. It is to be concentrated to 1.5% solute by weight. The feed is at a temperature of 37°C. The water is evaporated by heating with steam available at a pressure of 1.34 atm absolute, corresponding to a temperature of 108.3°C. The operating pressure in the vapor space is 1 atm absolute. Boiling point elevation and other effects can be neglected. The condensate leaves at...
A single-effect evaporator is used, which concentrates 15,000 kg/hr of 15% to 45% solids sodium hydroxide...
A single-effect evaporator is used, which concentrates 15,000 kg/hr of 15% to 45% solids sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 30 degree C. The steam flow has a manometric pressure of 160 kpa and the vacuum pressure is 80 mmhg, the overall coefficient of 1,000 W/m^2. Calculate the amount of water vapor required and the required heating surface. Enthalpy of solution at 15% and 30 degree CH = 50 Btu/lb, Boiling point of the solution at 45% T =...
please explain clearly and state which table you use) 4. A new air-conditioner using R-410A is...
please explain clearly and state which table you use)
4. A new air-conditioner using R-410A is used in heat pump mode. The high pressure is 300 psia and the low pressure is 60 psia. It warms a house at 70 F driven by an electric power input of 2 Btu/s. The ambient is at 25 F. Assume the compressor is reversible and adiabatic, the stream leaving the condenser is saturated liquid, and stream leaving the evaporator is saturated vapor. Find...
A long-tube vertical forced circulation evaporator is to be fed with 20 wt% caustic soda so at a temperature of 100 ℉. The concentrated liquor is expected to be 50 wt% NaOH. Satura steam at 65 psia is to be supplied to the 2700 evaporator which operates at 4 psia. The given heat transfer coefficient is 380 btwh.f.F ed a) Calculate the volumetric amount of steam utilized for the process in fth. (19 Marks) b) Determine the flow rate of...
1. An industrial plant needs 20,000 lbm of saturated steam at 280°F per hour for heating purposes and ten MW of electrical power. A small turbine system is to be designed to handle both of these needs. Steam is supplied to a turbine at 400 psia pressure from a boiler and expanded until 280°F saturated steam is obtained whereupon the steam needed for heating is extracted. The rest of the steam is expanded in a second turbine to a condenser...
A pipe with insulation material is used to carry steam to an operating plant. The conditions and dimensions for the system are as follows Variable Value Length of pipe, L 100 ft Inner diameter of pipe, Do 1 inch Outer diameter of pipe, D1 1.24 inches Outer diameter of insulation, D2 2 inches Inside film heat transfer coefficient for condensing saturated steam, ho 800 Btu/hr-ft2.oF Outside film heat transfer coefficient for air, ht 2 Btu/hr-ft2.oF Thermal conductivity of the pipe,...
Refrigerant 134a flows through an ideal vapor compression heat pump system with a heating capacity of 60,000 Btu/hr. The condenser operates at 200 psi, and the evaporator temperature is 0°F. The refrigerant is a saturated vapor at the evaporator exit and a saturated liquid at the condenser exit. The temperature at the compressor exit is 180°F. Assuming the compressor is not 100% isentropic, determine: a) Mass flow rate (lbm/min) b) Compressor power (hp) c) Isentropic compressor efficiency d) Coefficient of...
(12). An evaporator is fed with 10000 kg/hr of a solution containing 1% solute by weight. It is to be concentrated to 1.5% solute by weight. The feed is at a temperature of 37°C. The water is evaporated by heating with steam available at a pressure of 1.34 atm absolute, corresponding to a temperature of 108.3°C. The operating pressure in the vapor space is 1 atm absolute. Boiling point elevation and other effects can be neglected. The condensate leaves at...
A single-effect evaporator is used, which concentrates 15,000 kg/hr of 15% to 45% solids sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 30 degree C. The steam flow has a manometric pressure of 160 kpa and the vacuum pressure is 80 mmhg, the overall coefficient of 1,000 W/m^2. Calculate the amount of water vapor required and the required heating surface. Enthalpy of solution at 15% and 30 degree CH = 50 Btu/lb, Boiling point of the solution at 45% T =...
please explain clearly and state which table you use)
4. A new air-conditioner using R-410A is used in heat pump mode. The high pressure is 300 psia and the low pressure is 60 psia. It warms a house at 70 F driven by an electric power input of 2 Btu/s. The ambient is at 25 F. Assume the compressor is reversible and adiabatic, the stream leaving the condenser is saturated liquid, and stream leaving the evaporator is saturated vapor. Find...
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