Question

Write a small paragraph (15 lines max) with a summary and answer the following questions: 1. It appears that fish harvests are increasing, but overall fish stocks may be declining. What economic principle is exhibited? 2. How can we increase production? 3. At what point would we cease to add fishing boats? Seafood could collapse by 2050, experts warn msnbc.com staff and news service reports WASHINGTON - Clambakes, crabcakes, swordfish steaks and even humble fish sticks could be little more than a fond memory in a few decades. If current trends of overfishing and pollution continue, by 2050 the populations of just about all seafood face collapse, defined as 90 percent depletion, a team of ecologists and economists warns in a study published in Friday's issue of the journal Science. "Whether we looked at tide pools or studies over the entire world's ocean, we saw the same picture emerging. In losing species we lose the productivity and stability of entire ecosystems," said lead author Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. "I was shocked and disturbed by how consistent these trends are-beyond anything we suspected," Worm said When ocean species collapse, it makes the ocean itself weaker and less able to recover from shocks like global climate change, Worm said "This research shows we'll have few viable fisheries by 2050," Andrew Sugden, international managing editor of Science, told reporters at a telephone news briefing. This work also shows that it's not too late to act. Added co-author Steve Palumbi of Stanford University: "Unless we fundamentally change the way we manage ll the oceans species together, as working then this century is the last century of wild seafood. ecosystems, What was studied The international team spent four years analyzing 32 controlled experiments, other studies from 48 marine protected areas and global catch data from the U.N Food and Agriculture Organization's database of all fish and invertebrates worldwide from 1950 to 2003. The scientists also looked at a 1,000-year time series for 12 coastal regions, drawing on data fishery records, sediment cores and archaeological data. from archives, "At this point 29 percent of fish and seafood species have collapsed that is, their catch has declined by 90 percent. It is a very clear trend, and it is accelerating," Worm said. "If the long-term trend continues, all fish and seafood species are projected to collapse within my lifetime by 2048." He likened a diverse ocean environment to a diversified investment portfolid With lots of different species in the oceans, just as with lots of different kinds of investments, "You spread the risk around," Worm said. "In the ocean ecosystem, we're losing a lot of the species in our stock portfolio, and by that we're losing productivity and stability. By losing stability, we're losing the ability of the system to self- repair." "It looks grim and the projection of the trend into the future looks even grimmer," he added. "But it's not too late to turn this around. It can be done, but it must be done soon. We nevespecie "It looks grim and the projection of the trend into the future looks even grimmer," he added. "But it's not too late to turn this around. It can be done, but it must be done soon. We need a shift from single species management to ecosystem management. It just requires a big chunk of political will to do it." Slideshow: Threats to oceans The researchers called for new marine reserves, better management to prevent overfishing by large trawling fleets and tighter controls on pollution In the 48 areas worldwide that have been protected to improve marine biodiversity, they found, "diversity of species recovered dramatically, and with it the ecosystem's productivity and stability." While seafood forms a crucial concern in their study, the researchers were analyzing overall biodiversity of the oceans. The more species in the oceans, the better each can handle exploitation. Even bugs and weeds make clear, measurable contributions to ecosystems," said co-author J. Emmett Duffy of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences. Industry doesn't see a problem The National Fisheries Institute, a trade association for the seafood industry, does not share the researchers alarm. Fish stocks naturally Net loss? According to a recent report,the institute said in a if current trends of overfishing and pollution continue, the populations of seafood could new technologies that decrease significantly Top 10 U.S. seafood consumption per capita, by fluctuate in population," statement. "By developing capture target species more efficiently and result While seafood forms a crucial concern in their study, the researchers were analyzing overall biodiversity of the oceans. The more species in the oceans, the better each can handle exploitation. "Even bugs and weeds make clear, measurable contributions to ecosystems," said co-author J. Emmet Duffy of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences. Industry doesn't see a problem The National Fisheries Institute, a trade association for the seafood industry, does not share the researchers alarm Net loss? "Fish stocks naturaly fluctuate in population," According to a recent report, the institute said in a if current trends of overfishing and pollution continue, the statement. "By developing populations of seafood couldnew technologies that capture target species more efficiently and result in less impact on other species or the Top 10 U.S. seafood consumption per capita, by species, in pounds, 2004 Canned tuna 3.3 2.2 Salmon vironment, we are helping to ensure our industry does not adversely affect surrounding ecosystems or damage native species. Pollock1.3 Catfish 1. Tilapia 0.7 Crab 0.6 Cod 0.6 Clams 0.5 Flatfish 10.3 SOURCES: Natonal Fisheries Institute: Science AP Seafood has become a growing part of Americans' diet in recent years. Consumption totaled 16.6 pounds per person in 2004 the most recent data available, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. That compares with 15.2 pounds in 2000 Tilapia 0.7 Crab 0.6 industry does not adversely affect surrounding ecosystems or damage native species Clams 0.5 Flatfish 1 0.3 SOURCES: Natonal Fisheries Institute: Science AP Seafood has become a growing part of Americans' diet in recent years. Consumption totaled 16.6 pounds per person in 2004 the most recent data available, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. That compares with 15.2 pounds in 2000 Joshua Reichert, head of the private Pew Charitable Trusts' environment program, pointed out that worldwide fishing provides $80 billion in revenue and 200 million people depend on it for their livelihoods. For more than 1 billion people, many of whom are poor, fish is their main source of protein, he said. The research was funded by the National Science Foundation's National Center for Ecological Synthesis and Analysis. The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report TweetRecommend 11 Seafood could collapse by 2050, experts warn msnbc.com staff and news service reports WASHINGTON - Clambakes, crabcakes, swordfish steaks and even humble fish sticks could be little more than a fond memory in a few decades. If current trends of overfishing and pollution continue, by 2050 the populations of just about all seafood face collapse, defined as 90 percent depletion, a team of ecologists and economists warns in a study published in Friday's issue of the journal Science. "Whether we looked at tide pools or studies over the entire world's ocean, we saw the same picture emerging. In losing species we lose the productivity and stability of entire ecosystems," said lead author Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. "I was shocked and disturbed by how consistent these trends are-beyond anything we suspected," Worm said When ocean species collapse, it makes the ocean itself weaker and less able to recover from shocks like global climate change, Worm said "This research shows we'll have few viable fisheries by 2050," Andrew Sugden, international managing editor of Science, told reporters at a telephone news briefing. This work also shows that it's not too late to act. Added co-author Steve Palumbi of Stanford University: "Unless we fundamentally change the way we manage ll the oceans species together, as working then this century is the last century of wild seafood. ecosystems, What was studied The international team spent four years analyzing 32 controlled experiments, other studies from 48 marine protected areas and global catch data from the U.N Food and Agriculture Organization's database of all fish and invertebrates worldwide from 1950 to 2003. The scientists also looked at a 1,000-year time series for 12 coastal regions, drawing on data fishery records, sediment cores and archaeological data. from archives, "At this point 29 percent of fish and seafood species have collapsed that is, their catch has declined by 90 percent. It is a very clear trend, and it is accelerating," Worm said. "If the long-term trend continues, all fish and seafood species are projected to collapse within my lifetime by 2048." He likened a diverse ocean environment to a diversified investment portfolid With lots of different species in the oceans, just as with lots of different kinds of investments, "You spread the risk around," Worm said. "In the ocean ecosystem, we're losing a lot of the species in our stock portfolio, and by that we're losing productivity and stability. By losing stability, we're losing the ability of the system to self- repair." "It looks grim and the projection of the trend into the future looks even grimmer," he added. "But it's not too late to turn this around. It can be done, but it must be done soon. We nevespecie "It looks grim and the projection of the trend into the future looks even grimmer," he added. "But it's not too late to turn this around. It can be done, but it must be done soon. We need a shift from single species management to ecosystem management. It just requires a big chunk of political will to do it." Slideshow: Threats to oceans The researchers called for new marine reserves, better management to prevent overfishing by large trawling fleets and tighter controls on pollution In the 48 areas worldwide that have been protected to improve marine biodiversity, they found, "diversity of species recovered dramatically, and with it the ecosystem's productivity and stability." While seafood forms a crucial concern in their study, the researchers were analyzing overall biodiversity of the oceans. The more species in the oceans, the better each can handle exploitation. Even bugs and weeds make clear, measurable contributions to ecosystems," said co-author J. Emmett Duffy of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences. Industry doesn't see a problem The National Fisheries Institute, a trade association for the seafood industry, does not share the researchers alarm. Fish stocks naturally Net loss? According to a recent report,the institute said in a if current trends of overfishing and pollution continue, the populations of seafood could new technologies that decrease significantly Top 10 U.S. seafood consumption per capita, by fluctuate in population," statement. "By developing capture target species more efficiently and result While seafood forms a crucial concern in their study, the researchers were analyzing overall biodiversity of the oceans. The more species in the oceans, the better each can handle exploitation. "Even bugs and weeds make clear, measurable contributions to ecosystems," said co-author J. Emmet Duffy of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences. Industry doesn't see a problem The National Fisheries Institute, a trade association for the seafood industry, does not share the researchers alarm Net loss? "Fish stocks naturaly fluctuate in population," According to a recent report, the institute said in a if current trends of overfishing and pollution continue, the statement. "By developing populations of seafood couldnew technologies that capture target species more efficiently and result in less impact on other species or the Top 10 U.S. seafood consumption per capita, by species, in pounds, 2004 Canned tuna 3.3 2.2 Salmon vironment, we are helping to ensure our industry does not adversely affect surrounding ecosystems or damage native species. Pollock1.3 Catfish 1. Tilapia 0.7 Crab 0.6 Cod 0.6 Clams 0.5 Flatfish 10.3 SOURCES: Natonal Fisheries Institute: Science AP Seafood has become a growing part of Americans' diet in recent years. Consumption totaled 16.6 pounds per person in 2004 the most recent data available, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. That compares with 15.2 pounds in 2000 Tilapia 0.7 Crab 0.6 industry does not adversely affect surrounding ecosystems or damage native species Clams 0.5 Flatfish 1 0.3 SOURCES: Natonal Fisheries Institute: Science AP Seafood has become a growing part of Americans' diet in recent years. Consumption totaled 16.6 pounds per person in 2004 the most recent data available, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. That compares with 15.2 pounds in 2000 Joshua Reichert, head of the private Pew Charitable Trusts' environment program, pointed out that worldwide fishing provides $80 billion in revenue and 200 million people depend on it for their livelihoods. For more than 1 billion people, many of whom are poor, fish is their main source of protein, he said. The research was funded by the National Science Foundation's National Center for Ecological Synthesis and Analysis. The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report TweetRecommend 11

Answer 1

Polluting has a impact on every living being thus due to pollution and overfishing ocean species are decreasing and if it continues to be like this ,by 2050 all ocean species will be diminished.At this point 29% of fish and seafood species have collapsed .In the ocean ecosystem we are losing a lot of species and with this loss we are also losing productivity and stability, even bugs and weeds makes clear and measurable contributions to ecosystem. We should stop overfishing by large trawling fleets and there should be tighter controls on pollution.We should encourage everyone to be vegetarian or to stop eating seafood which will directly affect the demand of seafood species and when demand will decrease automatically supply will also be decreased and overfishing will be stopped.