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A laboratory shower, if close by, can be used to extinguish burn- ing clothing, as can a carbon ... 222 Assessing Purities of Dimethyl Maleate and Fumarate, p. .... of 4-Methyl-2-Pentanol 352 Miniscale Procedure 352 viii Table of Contents B .... Green chemistry experiments are indicated when they appear in the book with the ...
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2. Oscillator Strength (OS) is evaluated by the square of the expectation value of the Dipole Mom...
1. Consider a spin-0 particle of mass m and charge q moving in a symmetric three-dimensional harm...
1. Consider a spin-0 particle of mass m and charge q moving in a symmetric three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential with natural frequency W.Att-0 an external magnetic field is turned on which is uniform in space but oscillates with temporal frequency W as follows. E(t)-Bo sin(at) At time t>0, the perturbation is turned off. Assuming that the system starts off at t-0 in the ground state, apply time-dependent perturbation theory to estimate the probability that the system ends up in an...
4 A nonlinear oscillator Consider a perturbed harmonic oscillator. Using x p2 H + ke? 2...
4 A nonlinear oscillator Consider a perturbed harmonic oscillator. Using x p2 H + ke? 2 + ex4 2m 1. write this Hamiltonian in terms of â and at 2. At what frequency or frequencies could this system absorb radiation if € = 0, i.e. the oscillator is unperturbed 1 3. Qualitatively, what do the states look like for the perturbed Hamiltonian? Write the new states as a sum of the unperturbed states, without worrying too much about the amplitude...
4. (30 points) Harmonic oscillator with perturbation Recall the Hamiltonian of an harmonic oscillator in 1D:...
4. (30 points) Harmonic oscillator with perturbation Recall the Hamiltonian of an harmonic oscillator in 1D: p21 ÃO = + mwf?, where m is the mass of the particle and w is the angular frequency. Now, let us perturb the oscillator with a quadratic potential. The perturbation is given by Î' = zgmw?h?, where g is a dimensionless constant and g <1. (a) Write down the eigen-energies of the unperturbed Hamiltonian. (b) In Lecture 3, we introduced the lowering (or...
Problem 2. (30 points) (a) (3 points) The Stark effect (shift of energy levels by a constant external electric field) i...
Problem 2. (30 points) (a) (3 points) The Stark effect (shift of energy levels by a constant external electric field) in atom is usually observed to be quadratic in the field strength. Explain why. (b) (3 points) But for some states of the hydrogen atom, the Stark effect is observed to be linear in the field strength. Explain why. (c) Ilustrate by making a perturbation calculation of the Stark effect of an electric field E Ez to lowest non-vanishing order...
Problem Three (1) Write the expression that defines the expectation value of the operator <x> for...
Problem Three (1) Write the expression that defines the expectation value of the operator <x> for any function Y. (II) Find the expectation value of <x> for the particle in a box defined by the wave function: Y=N(L x - X°) within limits ( < x < L. which you previously normalized in Problem Two on the previous page.
1. Quantum harmonic oscillator (a) Derive formula for standard deviation of position measurement ...
1. Quantum harmonic oscillator (a) Derive formula for standard deviation of position measurement on a particle prepared in the ground state of harmonic oscillator. The formula will depend on h, m andw (b) Estimate order of magnitude of the standard deviation in (a) for the LIGO mirror of mass 10 kg and w 1 Hz. (c) A coherent state lo) is defined to be the eigenstate of the lowering operator with eigenvalue a, i.e. à lo)a) Write la) as where...
1. A particle, initially (t -> 0) in the ground state of an infinite, 1D potential...
1. A particle, initially (t -> 0) in the ground state of an infinite, 1D potential box with walls at r 0 and = a, is subjected at time t = 0 to a time-dependent perturbation V (r, t) et/7, with eo a small real number a) Calculate to first order the probability of finding the particle in an excited state for t 0. Consider all final states. Are all possible transitions allowed? b) Examine the time dependence of the...
For the simple harmonic oscillator ground state, because()0 and (p) 0 (expectation values of z and...
For the simple harmonic oscillator ground state, because()0 and (p) 0 (expectation values of z and p are - Ar and Using this fact, you can estimate the ground state energy. Follow steps below for this calculation. a. For SHO potential V(z)--mw,2, write down the total energy of the ground state in terms of ΔΖ2 and p2. and constant parameters that characterize the SHO (m and w) total energy- Format Hint: Write(z*) as Δ2. not (Δε)2. The system considers two...
Q1) Consider 2.dimensional infinite "well" with the potential otherwise The stationary states are ny = (a)...
Q1) Consider 2.dimensional infinite "well" with the potential otherwise The stationary states are ny = (a) sin ( x) sin (y,) The corresponding energies are n) , 123 Note that the ground state, ?11 is nondegenerate with the energy E00)-E1)-' r' Now introduce the perturbation, given by the shaded region in the figure ma AH,-{Vo, if 0<x otherwise y<a/2 (a) What is the energy of the 1.st excited state of the unperturbed system? What is its degree of degeneracy,v? (b)...
2. Electric dipole (20%) A very common charge arrangement in electromagnetics is the dipole. A charge...
2. Electric dipole (20%) A very common charge arrangement in electromagnetics is the dipole. A charge dipole is illustrated in the figure below. In this problem, we will find the potential and field due to a dipole. tq X (a) Find the electrostatic potential at an arbitrary position in spherical coordinates, that is find the potential at the position (r, 0,0). (b) For large values of r, we can write: Z(17 cos 0 + -1/2 ~(1 7. cos 6)-1/2 ~...
1. Consider a spin-0 particle of mass m and charge q moving in a symmetric three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential with natural frequency W.Att-0 an external magnetic field is turned on which is uniform in space but oscillates with temporal frequency W as follows. E(t)-Bo sin(at) At time t>0, the perturbation is turned off. Assuming that the system starts off at t-0 in the ground state, apply time-dependent perturbation theory to estimate the probability that the system ends up in an...
4 A nonlinear oscillator Consider a perturbed harmonic oscillator. Using x p2 H + ke? 2 + ex4 2m 1. write this Hamiltonian in terms of â and at 2. At what frequency or frequencies could this system absorb radiation if € = 0, i.e. the oscillator is unperturbed 1 3. Qualitatively, what do the states look like for the perturbed Hamiltonian? Write the new states as a sum of the unperturbed states, without worrying too much about the amplitude...
4. (30 points) Harmonic oscillator with perturbation Recall the Hamiltonian of an harmonic oscillator in 1D: p21 ÃO = + mwf?, where m is the mass of the particle and w is the angular frequency. Now, let us perturb the oscillator with a quadratic potential. The perturbation is given by Î' = zgmw?h?, where g is a dimensionless constant and g <1. (a) Write down the eigen-energies of the unperturbed Hamiltonian. (b) In Lecture 3, we introduced the lowering (or...
Problem 2. (30 points) (a) (3 points) The Stark effect (shift of energy levels by a constant external electric field) in atom is usually observed to be quadratic in the field strength. Explain why. (b) (3 points) But for some states of the hydrogen atom, the Stark effect is observed to be linear in the field strength. Explain why. (c) Ilustrate by making a perturbation calculation of the Stark effect of an electric field E Ez to lowest non-vanishing order...
Problem Three (1) Write the expression that defines the expectation value of the operator <x> for any function Y. (II) Find the expectation value of <x> for the particle in a box defined by the wave function: Y=N(L x - X°) within limits ( < x < L. which you previously normalized in Problem Two on the previous page.
1. Quantum harmonic oscillator (a) Derive formula for standard deviation of position measurement on a particle prepared in the ground state of harmonic oscillator. The formula will depend on h, m andw (b) Estimate order of magnitude of the standard deviation in (a) for the LIGO mirror of mass 10 kg and w 1 Hz. (c) A coherent state lo) is defined to be the eigenstate of the lowering operator with eigenvalue a, i.e. à lo)a) Write la) as where...
1. A particle, initially (t -> 0) in the ground state of an infinite, 1D potential box with walls at r 0 and = a, is subjected at time t = 0 to a time-dependent perturbation V (r, t) et/7, with eo a small real number a) Calculate to first order the probability of finding the particle in an excited state for t 0. Consider all final states. Are all possible transitions allowed? b) Examine the time dependence of the...
For the simple harmonic oscillator ground state, because()0 and (p) 0 (expectation values of z and p are - Ar and Using this fact, you can estimate the ground state energy. Follow steps below for this calculation. a. For SHO potential V(z)--mw,2, write down the total energy of the ground state in terms of ΔΖ2 and p2. and constant parameters that characterize the SHO (m and w) total energy- Format Hint: Write(z*) as Δ2. not (Δε)2. The system considers two...
Q1) Consider 2.dimensional infinite "well" with the potential otherwise The stationary states are ny = (a) sin ( x) sin (y,) The corresponding energies are n) , 123 Note that the ground state, ?11 is nondegenerate with the energy E00)-E1)-' r' Now introduce the perturbation, given by the shaded region in the figure ma AH,-{Vo, if 0<x otherwise y<a/2 (a) What is the energy of the 1.st excited state of the unperturbed system? What is its degree of degeneracy,v? (b)...
2. Electric dipole (20%) A very common charge arrangement in electromagnetics is the dipole. A charge dipole is illustrated in the figure below. In this problem, we will find the potential and field due to a dipole. tq X (a) Find the electrostatic potential at an arbitrary position in spherical coordinates, that is find the potential at the position (r, 0,0). (b) For large values of r, we can write: Z(17 cos 0 + -1/2 ~(1 7. cos 6)-1/2 ~...
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