Question

Use the following information for the NEXT 5 QUESTIONS Soapberry bugs are found in the southern U.S. including Oklahoma. They feed only on plants in the family Sapindaceae by inserting their piercing mouthparts into the fruits and sucking the contents of the seeds. The lengths of the "beaks" of these bugs reflect the size of the fruits on which they feed. Those populations that feed on big fruits tend to have long beaks; those feeding on smaller fruits have short beaks. Equally important, is the observation that soapberry bugs mate and lay their eggs only on the fruit they eat. In the 1950's horticulturalists brought three new species of Sapindaceae plants into the U feed on them. Since the introduced plant species had much smaller fruits than the native plant species. Scott Caroll and Christin Boyd studied the changes that occurred in beak lengths of soapberry bugs. They found that over time, those bugs living on the introduced plants (smaller fruits) had shorter beaks than those living on native plants (larger fruits). 37. The differences in beak lengths between the bug populations living on native and non-native plants. can best be explained by which of the following statements? a) Mutations in the genes controlling the beak-length followed by natural selection, eliminated bugs with longer beaks attempting to feed on smaller fruits. b) Natural selection eliminated bugs with longer beaks that fed on smaller fruits followed by mutations that resulted in shorter beaks. c) Mutations for shorter beaks only, natural selection was not necessary. d) The need for shorter beaks resulted in mutations in genes controlling beak-length. e) The chance arrival of shorter-beaked bugs that fed on smaller fruits only 38. This evolution of beak lengths as a result of the introduction of new species of Sapindaceae plants has been proposed as the cause for speciation in the bugs. Which of the following would you correctly hypothesize is the cause of this speciation? a) coevolution between the species of soapberry plants b) that the bugs mate on the plants on which they feed results in reproductive separation of the bug populations c) founder effect increasing the number of bugs that eat plants d) mutations in the soapberry plants e) none of the above, soapberry bugs cannot become new species.

Answer 1

Here, we can observe that, Mutations in the beak length of soap berry bugs accepted by the nature ...for time being this adapted as for the favorable and...Natural selection of "small sized beak " take place, when they living in newly introduced plants..

We can directly going to the questions:

37. OPTION A is the best suitable answer ie, mutations in the beak length take place followed by natural selection of small sized beak

38. OPTION A is correct explaines about co- evolution of the sapindacea plants and the speciation of soap berry plants

here co evolution can be defined as when evolutionary change in the morphology of plants, leads to change in the morphology of herbivore that eat the plant, which in turn effect the plants morphology and which leads to change in the herbivore and so on.

39. OPTION C is correct explanation of adaptive radiation which leads to origin of new species of soapberry bugs even though they originated from the same ancestor..at the same time here occurs the co evolution of sapindacea plant s occure.

The adaptive radiations we can look out "Darwins finches"n the "galapagoes islands".

40. OPTION B is the correct answer here because individuals can be survive only they feed different sizes of food. When they ate same type of food there is scarcity of food occur, so in order to find a solution is feeding different sources of food, then only exist or can find fitness.