Question

C++ help
Format any numerical decimal values with 2 digits after the decimal point.
Problem description
Write the following functions as prototyped below. Do not alter the function signatures.
/// Returns a copy of the string with its first character capitalized and the rest lowercased.
/// @example capitalize("hELLO wORLD") returns "Hello world"
std::string capitalize(const std::string& str);
/// Returns a copy of the string centered in a string of length 'width'.
/// Padding is done using the specified 'fillchar' (default is an ASCII space).
/// The original string is returned if 'width' is less than or equal to the string's length.
/// @example center("C++ is fun", 20, '*') becomes " *****C++ is fun*****"
std::string center(const std::string& str, size_t width, char fillchar = ' ');
/// Returns the number of vowels (a, e, i, o, u) in a string – case insensitive
/// @example numVowels("HEllo WorlD") returns 3
int numVowels (const std::string& str);
/// Returns a copy of the string with all the letters converted  to lowercase.
/// @example lower("heLLO WoRLD") returns "hello world"
std::string lower(const std::string& str);
/// Reverses the order of the characters in the string
/// @example reverse("ABCD") returns "EDCBA"
void reverse(std::string& str);
/// removes vowels from a string
/// @example removeVowels("Hello wOrld") returns "Hll wrld"
std::string removeVowels(std::string& str);
/// Returns the Scrabble(tm) word score for a string using the point values shown in the table below:
///
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | Points | Letters |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | 1 | A, E, I, L, N, O, R, S, T, U |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | 2 | D, G |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | 3 | B, C, M, P |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | 4 | F, H, V, W, Y |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | 5 | K |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | 8 |J, X |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
/// | 10 | Q, Z |
/// +--------+------------------------------+
///
/// @example, the word "FARM" is worth 9 points in Scrabble: 4 for the 'F',
/// 1 each for the 'A' and the 'R', and 3 for the 'M'. The function ignores any characters other than uppercase letters in computing the score.
int scrabble_score(const std::string& str);
Write a client program that tests each of the functions works as described. Hard-code test strings in your program, i.e., do not prompt the user for any input. The output should be labeled
to easily see what function is being tested. (Hint: you may find it easier to write a separate test function for each of the functions you’re testing.). Your tests should be based on the function
specifications. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining their output. The tests should demonstrate that the functions work as specified with a variety of inputs.
Requirements:
Your functions should be declared and defined within the namespace “csutilities”. In order to be compatible with other languages, define integer as an int using typedef statement and use integer where you normally use int for your data types.

Here is a sample run: Don’t worry about duplicating the same output format for spaces after the colon.
capitalize("hELLO wORLD"): Hello world
center("C++ is fun"): *****C++ is fun*****
Number of vowles("HEllo WorlD"): 3
lower("hELLO wORLD"): hello world
reverse("Where am I!"): !I ma erehW
hELLO wORLD without vowels is: hll wrld
scrabble_score("FARM"): 9
hELLO wORLD without vowels is: hll wrld
scrabble_score("FARM"): 9

Answer 1

//bitsum.cpp

#include <iostream>

#include <iomanip>

#include <bitset>

using namespace std;

/* Function to get no of set bits in binary

representation of positive integer n */

int numberOfOnes(unsigned long int n)

{

int count = 0;

while (n)

{

/*below code will do logical and of number with 1*/

/*Clearly if corresponding binary bit of unit place = 1

then answer 1 with logical anding else 0*/

count = count + (int)(n & 1);

/*Since we had already evaluated last bit hence discard last bit

by doing binary shift*/

n = n >> 1;

}

return count;

}

/ Program to test function countSetBits /

int main()

{

cout << "Enter number : ";

unsigned long int number;

cin >> number;

cout << left << setw(20) << "Decimal" << setw(32) << "Binary" << " Number of ones" << endl;

cout << left << setw(20) << number << setw(32) << bitset<32>(number) << " " << numberOfOnes(number) << endl;

return 0;

}

C:AWINDOWS system32\cmd.exe Enter number 78452212 Decimal 78452212 Press any key to continue Number of ones Binary 00000100101011010001010111110100 14