Question

Please summarise below in a concise way.

Alternative energy is studied as a result of the increasing costs of energy, the harm that fossil fuel may be costing the planet and the fact the energy demand is going up and the supply of fossil fuels may be going down. Energy and economic growth have always been going up, the more energy we consume, the more wealth we create as seen in the GDP of developed nations such as the USA, Canada and Iceland. The quality of life has increased as a result of the amount of energy that the western world has been able to generate per hour/dollar. Uncertainties and fluctuations in energy production has strong impact to the economic growth of nations. Alternative fuels look into materials that can replace the current energy sources. This branch is steering away from the traditional gathering of energy (fossil fuels, solar power, wind power) to growing them (bio-fuels such as bio-methane, bio-gas etc.). From the feedstock to the conversion and utilization, bio-fuels mimics nature’s process involving fossil fuels and shortening the time of formation. 2nd generation biofuels are the main focus of alternative fuels involving: forest residue, Biofuels produce lower carbon emissions, however there is a challenge with the amount of resources needed to fill up the gap as a result of the slow growth of the feedstock required to maintain a steady supply of feedstock to the bio fuel cycle. Alternative fuels such as hydropower, solar power and wind. The solar foot print represents the amount of las mass that is required to power the EU, Germany and the World (1% of the Sahara Desert). Canada produces more low-end carbon energy than it requires, this can be sold in international trade by using batteries to serve as convenient energy carriers. Batteries have their reducers and oxidizers together that effectively reduce their overall energy density and expensive. An electricity carrier that uses atmospheric oxygen provide a densest form of energy, convenient usage and there are no carbon emissions. Hydrogen is not an effective energy carrier as a result of the low volumetric energy density, unsafe for a wide range of activities, making it a poor choice. Solar hydrocarbon fuels are another option that can be used to recycle carbon dioxide through a process that mimics photosynthesis. Solar hydrocarbon fuels are effective when there is stream of flue gases available to capture and store CO2. Recycling CO2 from the atmosphere is not feasible as a result of the fact that there is low concentration that can be found in the atmosphere. Ammonia is a good H2 carrier but has a low energy density, has poor combustion properties, high pollutants and high toxicity making it a poor fuel. From the periodic table, alternatives remaining to be used are alkali-earth metals, metals-fuels that can be burned in air to produce heat. Where aluminum and silicon have a high energy density and extremely hot flame. Metals can also be burned with water producing high temperature H2 which can be converted to power. The dry cycle or direct combustion is a method that burns metal fuels with air to power and external combustion heat engine. The wet cycle or metal-water reaction can produce heat and hydrogen gas to power a combustion engine. Metal fuels meet all requirements of a renewable energy commodity that are high in energy density, emits low toxicity and abundant. With about 230Gt of Iron reserves and 75 Gt of Aluminum in reserves to power the world which means that they can be sustainable. Technologies that produce aluminum with an inert anode and Iron that can be reduced by hydrogen gas in commercial quantities to reduce the amount of CO2 that is emitted. The metal fuel cycle stores primary energy, metal is processed and transported in bulk form through global trade that can be used in transportation and energy production. The applications can be: range extension for electric vehicles, steam turbines, in diesel engines, for heating water into steam and for powering large vessels.

Answer 1

Sign·tican ce Stad AJtonnatrive es benhbh The in tha he er due to envinta and to pedehve the planet 송。Sls. Sino. The ecomicghurt, ahe vitally制 Pa tant Bioturel, che me 4-He best alto rative in enoagnlm. The ofen altnnative and unbe. Though Conanカahmis LSS'it Can be dene using Seloh hycho a?h done Juels. ol devふク, ernits low tox.city and abundant . The motel Grmjuming Cs Scanned with CamScanner