Question

1. What is the role of the researcher in this study? (G.e. describe all of the things that the researcher had to do to carry out this study) 2. What is the role of the subjects in this study? (i.e. describe all of the things that the subjects had to do to participate in this study) 3. What is the general goal of the study? 4. How did the researchers get the subjects and the data? 5. Is the study an observational study or is it an experiment? Justify your answer. If it's an observational study, which type is it? If it's an experiment, if possible, identify the experimental design that was used. 6. Identify the sample and the population that it is supposed to represent. Do you think that the sample is representative of the intended population? If not, explain how they differ your opinion, does this seem to be a good study? Do you think the results are valid? Explain. If you think that there are problems with the study, use the terms defined in chapter 1 of your textbook to discuss the nature of those problems 7. In What additional information about the study would you have liked the writer of the newspaper article to have included in their story? 8. A4 News The Seattle ส mes l wEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 201 i Cellphones speed brain, study shows HEALTH EFFECTS STILL UNKNOWN The study is importane be Afew observational srudies metabo- ofenergy that are too weak to cuse it documents that the have sugsested a linkbe lism, a maiker of beain activ. break chemical bonds or to human brain is sensitive to the electromagnetic radiation set off the DNA damage tween heavy cellphone use and rare bain tumors,but ity. Each srudy subject was itted with a cellphone on known to cause cancers. Sci each ear and then underwent encists have said repeatedly that there is so knowm bio- the bulk of the available sci nearest to antenna Volkow said. "It also entißic evidence shows no hlighes the importance of added risk. Major medical doing stadlestoaddre" the Eroiquhave uddthat celt During one scan, the cell logial mechanism to explain during the other scan, the might lead to cancer or other BY TARA PARKİ R POPE phones were turned off, but how onionlizing radiation quescion ef whether there are phoees are safe, but sone Researchers from the Nare not-long-lasting doctors have urged the use of phone on the right ear was health probiems tional Instiuses of Health consequences of repeated headsets as a have found that less than an stimulation, of getting ex hour of cellphone use can posed over five, 10or15u But the new study opens activated to receive a ca from a recorded message, al up an entirely new potenial though the sound wras ef to area of research. Althoagh an ular study does not us in terms of whether this enlighten area closest to the phoe anIn an editorial tennid, raising new questions ing the Journal artkle, Henry be beneficial, Velkow sakd. The sudy found brain acor off did not affect the over mal beain funiction, the about the health effects ofLal, a University of Washing ted from cellphones. Whether the phone was on all metabolism of the brain, percent increase in setivity in tabolism happens during nor tion is whether expoire to electroenagmetic j elia us that even tivity Increased 7 percent arti loww levels of radiation emit on professor of bloengineer though these are weak sigwhe cellphone curned on. but the scans did sheow 7 Sicial stimulation as a result of ing who has long raised connals, the hursan brain is acti- The researchers, led by Dr. cerns about cellphone Nora Volkow, director of the said he hoped the da National Institute on Drug broaden the focus of cell gs, Including the Ameal the part of the beain closest to radiation might have a deturl- highly statistically signibicant, safety, vated by them rlak associated with cell the antenna. The phone use. Most major medical Aithough Abuse, urged caotion in inter phone research and health. can Cancer Soclety, have saldThe new research differed the researchers sald. They theory about how an artificlal eting the findings because The botions line is that it the existing data on cellfrom the large observational said the activity was unlikely increase in beain glucose me- is nox known whether the adds to the concern that cell- phones and health has been studies that have been con to be associased with heattablism could be harmful is changes, which were seen in phone use could be a health brain scans, have any mean- particularly a ma ducted to study celphone from the phone because it oc- that it could potentially lead reassuring said Lai. "Everybody jor European study released use. In Volkow's soudy, the re curred near the antecna rath to the creation of molecules ingful effect on a person's woeried about brain cancer last year by the World Health searchers used brain scans to er than where the phone called free radicals, which in directly measure how the But the study, published question. There are actually increased risk of rare brainelegtromagnetic radiation and the jury is still out on that Organization that found no touched the head. excess can damage bealthy In the past, any concerns cells Or it may be that re Wednesday in The Journal of quite a lot of studies showing tumors among cellphoneemitted from cellphones ad-about the health effects of peated scmulation by elec- oellphones have been largely tromagnetic radiation could che American Medical Assodi cellphone radiation associat users. The leading industry fected brain activity The randomized study, dismissed because the radio trigger an inßammatory re- from the devices are believed is associated with a rumber ation, is among the first and ed with other events, liketrade group, CTIA-The largest to document that the sleep disturbances. But peo- Wireless Association, re- conducted in 2009, asked 47 frequency waves emittedspocse, which studies suggest weak radio-frequency signals ple have not been paying a lot leased a statement from cellphones alter beain of actention to these ocher ing recent studies that activity tron emission tomagraphy -to be berign, Cellphones emit of bealch problems, inchuding types of stadies." shown no elevated cancer or PET-cans, which mea onionizing radiation, waves cancer

Answer 1

Question 1to 5 has been answered.

1. What is the role of the researcher in this study?
The researchers examined federal records from a sample of hospitals in 41 states, covering about 8 million cases each year. They looked at the percentage of all hospitalizations for stroke by gender and in six age groups.

2. What is the role of the subjects in this study?
Subjects should have got them checked in the hospital for the following - strokes high blood pressure, clogged arteries. Some of the factor resulting in these conditions are smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, alcohol overuse and diabetes.

3. What is the general goal of the study?
The goal of the study is to verify the claim made by small studies about the rise of stroke in the young and middle age people.

4. How did the researchers get the subjects and the data?
The researchers examined federal records from a sample of hospitals in 41 states, covering about 8 million cases each year. They looked at the percentage of all hospitalizations for stroke by gender and in six age groups.

5. Is the study an observational study or is it an experiment?
Observational study