Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa (Active Learning Template - System Disorder, RM MH RN 10.0 Chp 19)
(Please answer all the boxes, there are 14 to fill, thank you!)
Eating disorder - Bulimia Nervosa
Behavioral disorder characterized by eating binges followed by feelings of guilt, humiliation, self-deprecation, and depression
Self-induced vomiting; the use of laxatives, enemas, or diuretics; or strict dieting or fasting to overcome the effects of binges
Seldom incapacitating
Two types: purging (binging followed by self-induced vomiting, laxative or enemas use, or diuretic use) and nonpurging (binging followed by sharply restricted diet or vigorous exercise)
# Pathophysiology :-
Decreased caloric intake depletes body fat and protein stores.
Estrogen deficiency occurs in women due to lack of lipid substrate for synthesis, causing amenorrhea.
Testosterone levels fluctuate in men, causing decreased erectile function and sperm count.
Ketoacidosis occurs from increased use of fat as energy fuel.
# Causes :-
Exact cause unknown
Most likely a combination of biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors
# RiskFactors :-
Female gender
History of obesity and dieting
Body dissatisfaction
Severe life stressors
Societal, environmental, and cultural overemphasis on physical appearance
Family disturbance or conflict
Maladaptive learned behavior
Parental obesity
Sexual abuse
Struggle for control or self-identity
# Complications :-
Arrhythmias
Cardiac failure
Dehydration
Dental caries
Electrolyte imbalances
Erosion of tooth enamel
Esophageal tears
Gastric dilation and rupture
Gum infections
Mucosal damage to intestine
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Parotitis
Stress fracture
Sudden death
Suicide
# Alterations :-
Thin slightly overweight, or obese
Amenorrhea
Bradycardia
Epigastric tenderness on palpation
Painless swelling of the salivary glands
Unusual swelling of the cheeks or jaw area
Hoarseness
Loss of dental enamel
Throat irritation or lacerations
Calluses of the knuckles or abrasions and scars on the dorsum of the hand, known as Russell sign (see Recognizing bulimic patients)
Hair loss
Xerosis
# Diagnostic Test Results-Laboratory
Serum electrolyte studies may show elevated bicarbonate and decreased potassium, chloride, magnesium, sodium, calcium, and phosphate levels.
Serum amylase levels may be elevated.
Blood glucose levels may be decreased.
Blood urea nitrogen levels may be increased.
Urine specific gravity may be increased.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be decreased.
# Treatment :-
- Cognitive behavioural therapy
- Interpersonal therapy
- Supportive - expressive therapy
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Guided self help
# Nursing Interventions :-
- Monitor weight, vital signs, and electrolytes (K+)
- Assist client to learn strategies, other than eating, for dealing with feelings (journaling)
- Encourage client to express feelings of anger
- Discuss strategies to stop vomiting and laxative use
- Use positive reinforcement to build self-esteem and develop a realistic body image
- Promote family therapy (especially if client is 18 years of age or less)
Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa (Active Learning Template - System Disorder, RM MH RN 10.0 Chp ...
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