Question

Coming to the ancer is preent wten in Coming to he cncusion that cancer is preant whan, in fadt Treatnt may be stwted wher, in fact, it inmt necessary in fact, it is pree O Decreasing the in folowing up on ssteate of ae ewould Fll but the rate of miused caes would Suppose that such a screening test is wsed to decide between a utl hypothes Ho: ne cancer is present Athough these are net hypotheses abour a pepulation charcterstic e rates the dtis of Type 1 andTp (a) Would a fase poslive (thinking that cancer is present whes in fact i is ) e ap 1roTye O Type l (b) Desobe a Type t error in the context of this problem, and discuss the posit4" conse noes of makingュ Type lenw. O coming to the cooksion that dancerispresent when, fact, Kis no·Treatment may bestarted-en. "fuct. "hire O con﹃ te the cookasion that cancer 놓 present when, tact, eis . No treiment wl.be-Obed when, a,set. .eatmerk is neo-a O corning to the conต่¡sion that no cancer is present "he-ip tact·it is present. treitesen, "i·be pemerbhd st,en nKact.-eatment anemsary. O coming to the cooksion th杀鯓cancer is present wheA in fact, it is present. Treatm may be, tarted whenin tact. not necessary (c) Desolbe a Type I ror in the context of this problem, and discuss the possible cnof making Tye Coning te the eondien nur dancer』present wheA įtact. k is not Treatment may be tarted "hon, e, tact·xi' not necessary. O Coming to the conchsion that cancer is present when, in fact, it is not. No treat O Coming to the conclusion thur ne cancer is present when, in fact, it in present Treatmen may be staeocR hip between the p obatary of Type l and Type t1 errors“being desrbed by the ttenent mese atkl. bat Wradokigsts were less aggressíveintli İlg up or saspicieus te its, thn rat" of e) wat aped of the r·lation O Inoreasing the probablny of a Type eror inwolves inreaing the probability of a Type O Decreasng the probablity of a Type II ervor inwolves decreasing the probability of a Type 1 emo O Increasing the probability of a Type tl error inwolves decreasing the probability of a Type 1 eror O Decreasing the probability of a Type II error involves increasing the probablity of a Type 1 ereer Researchers at the University of Washington and Harvard Uhiversity analyzed records of breast cancer screening and diagnostic evaluations. Discussing the benefit higher than previously thought, rasiologists wore less aggressive in following up on suspicious tests, the rate of false posbives would fall but the rate of missed car Suppose that such a screening test is used to decide between a null hypothesis of Mo: no cancer is present and an alternative hypothesis of Na: cancer is present Although these are not hypotheses about a population characteristic, this ecercise iBlustrates the definitions of Type 1 and Type II errors.) (a) would a false-positive (thinking that cancer is present when in fact it is mot) be a Type t error or a Type II emon O Type I O Type II b) Descrbe a Type I eror in the concext of tnis probiem, and discuss the possible consequences of making a Type I error O coming to the conclusion that cancer is present when, in fact, it is not. Teeatment may be started when, in fact, it is not necessary O Coming to the conclusion that cancer is present when, in fact, it is mot. No treatment will be presaribed when, in fact, treatment is necessary. O Coming to the condusion that no cancer is present when, lo fact, it is present. No treatment will be prescribed when, in fact, treatment is necessary O coming to the condusion that no cancer is present when, in fact, it is present. Treatment may be started when, in fact, it is not necessary C) Desobe a Type 11 errer in the contest of this problem, and disouss the possble consequences of making a Type II emor O Coming to the conclhnion that cancer is present when, in fact, it is not. Treatment may be started when, in fact, ia is not necessary 。Coming to the eonclusion thn cancer is present when, "act, it is not No treatnent-. be prete bed wher, h fact, treenet-necessary. 。Coming to tbe eoreksion tNt no cancer is present when, in fact, it preimL No treatment mil be preobed whe, in fact, tretment i, retenery. O Coming to the conclusion that no cancer is present when, in fact, is procent Treatment may be started when, in fact, it is not necessary (d) w at aspect of the relationshp betw㎜ the probabilty of Type 1 and Type Iiron 1. being de ebed by the utment inne article that istihd,u-i les missed cancers O Increasing the probability of a Type It error imeslves increaning the probublity of a Type t error O Deoreasing the probability of a Type tt error involves decreasing the peobability of a Type I ermor O Increasing the probubility of a type ti ereor involves decreasing the pobability of a Type 1 emor O Decreasing the protablity of a Type tt error involves increasing the probability of a Type 1 error smuming a random sample from a large population, for which of tha to owing nul hypotheses and sample sices o h the large sampe r tent appropne

Answer 1

a) A false positive would be a type I error.

b) Type I error would be thinking that the cancer is present when the person does not hae cancer.

Consequences of making type I error would be that the person would be undergoing the treatment even though she does not have cancer.

c) Type II error would be thinking that the cancer is not present when the person is having cancer.

Consequences of making type II error could lead to the death of the patient.

d) Relationship between the probability of type I and type II error that is being described by the statement is that as the probability of type I error decrease the probability of type II increase.