Question

Bob begins to consume his hamburger.

1. What hormone up-regulates the production of this cell to make sure there is plenty of HCl?

2. What is the name of the substance now being formed in the stomach by the churning action and continued digestion?

3. Roughly how longdoes it generally take for food to transit through the stomach and into the duodenum?

1. 4. Included in the meat of the hamburger are many important minerals (iron) and vitamins such as fat soluble vitamins (Vitamin A) and water soluble vitamins (Vitamin B₁₂).
      1. (2 pts) What substance is required in the stomach for the later absorption of Vitamin B₁₂?
2. 2. (2 pts) Where will this complex finally be absorbed?
3. 3. (2 pts) If Bob does not produce this factor in the stomach what type of anemia may result
4. Both the milkshake and french fries eaten by Bobcontain a significant amount of triglycerides (glycerol + fatty acids).
   1. At what anatomical location past the stomach will digestion of these particular nutrients really begin to a significant degree?
5. 2. What organ and what enzyme are responsible for the majority of triglyceride breakdown into glycerol and fatty acid components?
6. 3. What substanceis required in this process to ‘emulsify’ these fats and make them more accessible to the water-soluble digestive enzymes? Whereis this substance produced?
7. 4. Which category of vitamins would you suppose actually require this substance for their own absorption into the body? Which vitamins are in that category?
8. 5. Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are both signals important in the process of fat digestion.
      1. Where are these hormones produced?
9. 2. (4 pts) How does each of them act and what other organs are targeted in addition to those making & storing the emulsifying substance? Describe the effect of these two substances on the process of digestion.
10. 6. If the fats in Bob’s hamburger and fries are ‘saturated’ (composed of mostly saturated fatty acids), what does that mean? What is the particular problem with this type of fat?

Answer 1

A. Gastrin hormone

Gastrin hormone is secreted by G cells of stomach ,gastrin stimulates release of hcl in stomach.

B . Chyme is the new substance formed from churning action of stomach.

C. It depends on many factors. But roughly it takes about 2.5 to 3 hours after a meal for 50% of stomach contents to empty into the intestines.Full emptying takes about 4 to 5 hours.

D.

I. Stomach needs Hcl because it separates vitamin B12 from the protein to which vitamin B12 is attached in food.And then intrinsic factor is required by the stomach for its absorption.

II. Its finally absorbed in the ileum of small intestines.

III. pernicious anemia