Question

5. Transfer of bacterial chromosomal genes (BCGs) to a recipient by specialized transduction occurs when a mistake is made in a normal biological process. What is that normal process? What mistake occurs? Why is it considered a mistake? How does that mistake result in transfer of bacterial chromosomal genes? How can that transfer lead to permanent genetic change in the recipient? a. b. c. d. e. 6. Following infection of a bacterium, temperate bacteriophages can follow either the lysogenic pathway or the lytic pathway, but lytic-only phages can only follow the lytic pathway. First, explain why it's better (for the phage) to be a temperate phage instead of a lytic-only one Next, explain why it's better (for the phage) to be a lytic-only phage instead of a temperate one a. b.

for number #5 please make a,b,c,d,e be direct answers that explain the question. the total word count is 200. thank you

Answer 1

5) a) prophage DNA excision from bacterial DNA.

b) genomic DNA adjacent to prophage also excises in unprecised excision.

c) because only prophage DNA was supposed to be excused because it is a bacteriophage DNA to be packed back into protein coat of virus body in lysogenic cycle.

D) when genomic DNA adjacent to prophage DNA is excised along with prophage DNA it is incorporated as prophage DNA and when this phage attacks another cell in lysogenic cycle then this bacterial DNA attached along with prophage DNA is incorporated in New DNA.

E) when foreign bacterial DNA incorporates into recipient bacteria, this means some alleles of donor bacteria are now in recipient bacterial DNA thus, changing its genomic constitution.

6. a) temperate phages have both means of transferring there DNA such that when conditions for lytic phase are not optimum they can incorporate there DNA in host DNA to reproduce later , this is beneficial when bacteria is in good favourable conditions to let phage replication. If conditions for bacteria are not favourable and enough material for consumption to bacteria is not available , few or less no. Of copies of virus will be formed if IIt goes on lytic phase at that time. Thus reducing fitness.

B) lytic only phage however has a faster mode of replication as they did not have to wait, and they instantly reproduce fast and increase in number . So, fast replication is an advantage here.