Question

Chapter 21 Homework ● Can you write down the pathway from glucose to fatty acid? What is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis? Who can regulate it? Can you list the four enzyme-catalyzed steps involved in fatty acid synthesis? And the full name of the four enzymes. precursors, coenzymes and energy should the cell prepare? kinds of enzyme does the cell need? synthesis O If the cell wants to synthesize the C16:0 fatty acids, how many How does the cell synthesize the unsaturated fatty acids? Which ° What is the role of acyl carrier protein (ACP) in fatty acid

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Answer 1

glucose pyruvate acetyl CoA_ketone bodies oxaloacetate citrate acetyl CoA isocitrate fatty acids

Thus glucose is converted to pyruvate through glycolysis which then undergoes oxidation assisted by the multienzyme complex- pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In this reaction, pyruvate is converted into acetyl co-A which then serves the building blocks of the formation of fatty acids.

2.

Carboxylation of Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA Acetyl CoA ATP Allosteric Enzyme CO 2 Biotin ADP + Pi Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Malonyl CoA Committed / Rate limiting step in FA Synthesis

3.

Acetyl CoA:ACP transacylase- Activates acetyl CoA for reaction with malonyl-ACP

Malonyl CoA:ACP transacylase - Activates malonyl CoA for reaction with acetyl-ACP

3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase- Reacts priming acetyl-ACP with chain-extending malonyl-ACP.

3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase- Reduces the carbon 3 ketone to a hydroxyl group

3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase- Removes water

Enoyl-ACP reductase- Reduces the C2-C3 double bond.