Question

+Table 1: Platyhelminthes Name of Intermediate Reservoir in nature, i.e. what How acquired by humans/cat a hosts)is/are the definitive hosts preventive/protective measures worm IF Schistosomse Cat tapeworm Pork tapeworm Table 2: Nematodes How acquired by humans/cat and dog: preventive or protective measures Location/host where worm matures to infectious stage what is/are the definitive Reservoir in nature, ie. Name of hosts Worm Assarid Hookworm Dog heartworm (for dogs)

Answer 1

Name of worm	Intermediate host (s)	Reservoir in nature, i.e. what is/are the definitive hosts	How acquired by humans/cat and dog: preventive/protective measures
Schistosome	freshwater mollusks (i.e. Biomphalaria, Oncomelania, Bulinus)	Humans; dogs; ruminants	The disease is closely related to the lack of hygiene in the evacuation of excreta and the lack of nearby drinking water supply services. Basic sanitation reduces the disease by up to 77%. On the other hand, artificial reservoirs and poorly designed irrigation works are the main causes of the expansion and intensification of schistosomiasis. The main focus in prevention is to eliminate aquatic snails that are natural reservoirs. This can be achieved by prohibiting bathing or water consumption with populations of such snails.
Cat tapeworm	Fleas, fishes or Rodents	cats	To prevent contagion, it is recommended not to feed our cats with meat or fish without cooking, and in those that have access to the outside, avoid as much as possible to eat rodents or dead farm animals. It is also essential to avoid and eliminate fleas in cats, using repellent products in the animal such as pipettes and antiparasitic collars and controlling the hygiene of the environment where the cat lives.
Pork tapeworm	Porks	humans	It may be transmitted to pigs through human feces contaminating their fodder, and back to humans wherever primary hosts through uncooked or undercooked pork bearing small cysts. One way to prevent infection is by cooking the meat at adequate temperatures. A food thermometer should be used to measure the internal temperature of the cooked meat. Do not taste the meat until it is cooked.

Name of worm	Location/host where worm matures to infectious stage	Reservoir in nature, i.e. what is/are the definitive hosts	How acquired by humans/cat and dog: preventive/protective measures
Ascarid	lungs; small intestine; gallbladder	Humans, pigs	Avoid ingesting soil that may be contaminated with human or pig feces, including where human fecal matter (“night soil”), wastewater, or pig manure is used to fertilize crops. Wash your hands with soap and water before handling food. Wash your hands with soap and water after touching or handling pigs, cleaning pig pens, or handling pig manure. Supervise children around pigs, ensuring that they do not put unwashed hands in their mouths. Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure.
Hookworm	host gut	Humans; domestic cats and dogs	not walking barefoot in areas where the disease is common. At a population level, decreasing outdoor defecation, not using raw feces as fertilizer, and mass deworming is effective.
Anisakis	host gut	Marine mammals; humans	One of the main measures of control of the infestation is to inform the population about the risks involved in the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked fish, which allows the ingestion of live larvae. Although several strategies have been tried to inactivate the larvae before consumption, rapid freezing at a temperature below -20 ° C, for at least 48 hours and cooking at temperatures above 60 ° C, for at least 2 minutes (inside the piece of fish), they seem to remain the most effective measures to avoid parasitization in humans.
Dog heartworm	heart and blood vessels within the lungs	dogs	Preventative heartworm medications should be given to all at-risk dogs as directed by your veterinarian. There are a number of heartworm preventatives that are safe, highly effective and commonly used.