Question

17.Signs and symptoms associated with metastatic lung cancer include: I. Weight loss II. jaundice III. Bone pain V. Enlarged lymph nodes a. I, and III b. I, and IV C. I, III and IV d. I IL, III, and IV 18.Staging of a lung cancer is based on which of these criteria? I.T-represents the size and location of the primary tumor II. N-denotes the regional lymph node involvement M-signifies the extent of metastasis The numbers 0 to 4 represent increasing severity III. IV. a. 1, and Ⅳ b. IV only C, 1, 11, and Ш d. I, II, III, and Ⅳ 19.A patient has symptoms of ARDS, Her SaO2 is 87% while receiving 100% O2 via a high flow oxygen mask. Which mechanism is most likely the cause of this finding? a. Shunt b. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch C. Hypoventilation d. Dead space 20. What is the recommended fluld balance in a patient with ALI or ARDS? a. Even fluid balance b. 1 L or more positive fluid balance per day C 2Lor more positive fluid balance per day d. 1 L or more negative fluid balance per day

Answer 1

ANSWER

17. C. Signs and symptoms of metastatic lung cancer include

               1. Weight loss.

               3.Enlarged lymph nodes.

               4. Bone pain.

18.D. Staging of lung cancer involve.

             1. T - size and location of primary tumor.

             2. N - Regional lymph node involvement.

             3. M - Extent of metastasis.

             4. The number 0 to 4 represent extent severity.

19.D. Dead space.Increased alveolar dead space occur as a symptom of ARDS

          which leads to low oxygen saturation while receiving100% O2.

20.D.1L or more negative fluid balance per day is recommended for patient with ALI

          or ARDS to improve the condition.

21.D.In the case of ARDS no drug therapy is proven as effective for treating the condition.

22.D. Pulmonary changes in ARDS include

               1.Abnormal surfactant.

               2.Interstitial edema.

               4.Decreased shunt.

23.D. Causes of ARDS include.

               1. Aspiration of gastric contents.

               2.Sepsis.

               3.Massive blood transfusion.

               4.Severe trauma.

24.C .Small tidal volume and high respiratory rate is known as a a high frequency

          ventilation mode which is useful for the treatment of ARDS.

25.C. Pao2/Fio2 ratio of 100 with PEEP of 10 cm H2O indicate severe ARDS.

26.D. Increased opacities throughout the lungs is seen in patient with moderately

          severe ARDS.

27.B. In patient with ARDS use a low tidal volume of 6 ml per kg.

                 So

                      Patient body weight = 60 kg.

                     Tidal volume needed = 6 * 60

                                                       = 360 ml.

28. A. Increased pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge

          pressure (PCWP) associated with ARDS.