Question

Chapter 10 Self Study Assignment)(Compatibility Mode]- Word Malings Reviewe t Draw Desige Layout Refee answers in word doc or pdf formats only before 5pm on 10/25/18 1. Explain how bioavailability affects the functionality of vitamins vitamin bioavailability 2. Even though vitamins are not considered to be energy-yielding nutrients they play a required role in metabolism. How do they accomplish this task? Identify the significant roles of B complex vitamins in metabolism. 3. Describe a unique source of niacin and a unique function of 4. Explain the features of folate that are associated with health 5. Historically, nutritional deficiencies were not often recognized niacin in the body. promotion measures and prevention of disease. as a cause for disease. Many deficiency symptoms were attributed incorrectly to infectious disease processes. In view of this historical perspective, how are the clinical deficiency states of beriberi and pellagra different in terms of their clinical etiology? What factors contribute to the existence of these specific deficiency states? 6. Discuss the differences among anemias associated with B vitamin deficiency states. Why is it potentially difficult to diagnose B complex vitamin deficiency states?

Answer 1

1. Bioavailability decides how much amount of nutrient is available for absorption by the body. Vitamins can generally be readily absorbed but some factors affect the bioavailability of vjtamins.

the bioavailability of vitamins is affected by enhancers or inhibitors in foods, the different chemical form of vitamers, and the physiological state of the subject.

Food preparation may have positive or negative effects. the removal of antivitamin factors, or interconversions can enhance vitamin availability. Changes in fat content, its saturation level, and the use of fat substitutes may have profound effects on fat-soluble vitamin availability.

Food processing methods like blanching, milling, fermentation, germination, extrusion, and thermal processing affects bioavailability of vitamins.

2. Vitamins are not directly a part of metabolic pathways but they play an important role in metabolism. They are required to produce functional parts of enzymes known as cofactors or coenzymes necessary to catalyze reactions for energy yielding and storage.

Vitamin B complex acts as coenzyme for fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. They also acts as electron carrier. They are required in synthesis of ATP, RNA and DNA.

3. Niacin or vitamin B3 is rich in foods like tuna.

It acts as a precursor in production of NAD and NADP. NAD is required in catabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein and DNA repair. NADP is used in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.

4. Folate or folic acid reduces the risk of developing anemia. It is also necessary in pregnant women to reduce chances of neural tube defects in fetus. Folate is used for cell division, DNA and RNA synthesis, RBC and WBC synthesis. Folate reduces risks of cardiovascular diseases and stroke.