Question

1. Discuss the recommended and safe amounts of fish consumption for non -pregnant, pregnant and normal individuals. Justify the statement: eating fatty-type fish is a better way to obtain essential fatty acids as compared to taking fish oil supplements.

2. Discuss the origin of hydrogenated fats and their advantages and disadvantages.

3. Discuss how fat soluble lipids can travel through water based blood (clue –Chylomicrons). Differentiate between LDL and HDL. Discuss the perils of excessive LDL in your body.

Answer 1

1. Protein rich food like fish and other sea foods have a major role in growth and devolopment in the body.

As per the dietary guidlines for Americans, An avarage adult can consume about 8 ounces of sea food a week. It can offer an individual a beneficial heart healthand also lowers the risk of becoming obese.

A pregnant women and breast feeding women can consume a little higher amount, that is 8-12 ounces of various sea foods a week. These fish nutrients can help the child's growth and devolopment. Thy can provide healthy omega-3-fattyacid and iron which is important for the infants and young childrens, also benefits the overall health of pregnant women.

For the childrens it is suggested to have 1 ounce at age of 2 and increases to 4 at age of 11. The nutrients and the minerals present in the fishes like selenium, zinc and iodine will offer a better health in childrens.

It is better to take fatty fish in diet rather than the oil supplements. Taking of fatty fish diet than the supplements will help to reduce the side effects related to the oil supplements including heart burn, belching, loose stool which is a common problem encountered,bad breath, and nausea. Normal consuption of fatty fish food itself can protect the individual against cardiovascular disease, arthritis, skin and mouth cancers,asthma etc. Examples of those fishes include, trout, salmon, serdines etc. If we consume the oil supplements for a long time it can lead to many health issues like imbalance in blood pressure levels, diarrhoea, bleeding etc.

2. Origin of hydrogenated fats.

A very small amount of hydrogenated fats can occur natuarally. It include beef, lamb and butter fatsald also from other diary products. Alspo naturally occuring trans fats can be obtained from the gut of these animals. The articially prepared hydrogenated fats are by the addition of hydrogen to the liquid vegetable oils to make them solid.The trans fats in processed food is partially hydrogenated oils.

There are some advantages and disadvantages for the hydrogenated fats. Advantages include , the naturally occuring fats have direct effect on intestine, role on reduction of metabolic risk factors also in reduction of total cholestrol in the body. The natural animal based trans fat is less harmful than the artificially prepared hydrogenated fats.

Disadvantages include, they have major role in bringing out cardiovascular disease and stroke. Studies shows that they have a major role in devoloping Type 2 Diabetes mallitus. The artificial hydrogenated fats have the ability to rise the bad cholestrol LDL and can reduce the good cholestrol HDL levels.

3. The clue chylomicrons actually transport the water soluble dietary lipids from the intestines to various parts of the body. They enable the cholestrol from the diet and the fats to move within the water based solution of blood stream in the human body. These chylomicrones will carry the absorbed water soluble lipids to various body parts includingadipose tissue, cardiac tissue and skeletal muscle tissues. Here the enzyme called lipoprotein lipase will hydrolise the lipids and release as free fatty acids and get absorbed by the body tissues.

• HDL is a high density lipoprotein whereas LDL is the low density lipoprotein.
• HDL is a good cholestrol because it will carry cholestrol to the liver to get excreted, and LDL is a bad cholestrol because it will carry the cholestrol to the arteries where it get deposited.
• Higher the HDL level, better is the health and lower the LDL level it is bettter because it is the result of good heart health.

Excessive LDL in the body can cause various health issues, like Obeisity and large waist circumference in the individual. High LDL can cause plaque deposit in the arteries making the person suceptible for the cardiovascular disease like hearyt attack and stroke. Diabetes is also related to high cholestrol level. Angina pectoris, the radiatin chest pain is also the after effect of high LDL cholestrol level.