Ans
Sickle cell anemia is a condition in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells that have a crescent or sickle shape.
These cells do not last as long as normal , round red blood cells, which leads to anemia (low number of red blood cells).
The sickle cells also get stuck in blood vessels, blocking blood flow.
Signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease usually begin in early childhood and may include :-
anemia,
repeated infections, and
Periodic episodes of pain (called crises).
This is caused by mutations in the HBB gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern .
Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms and may include :-
1) pain medicines during crises
2) hydroxyurea to reduce the number of pain episodes
3) antibiotics and vaccines to prevent bacterial infections and
4) blood transfusions.
Sickle-cell anaemia is an example of how fitness depends on environmental conditions. In places where malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum is common, HbAHbS heterozygotes have a selective advantage compared to individuals who are homozygotes for the wild type allele. However, HbSHbS homozygotes suffer from sickle-cell anaemia and usually die before producing offspring. The relative fitness (w) of the three genotypes in Nigeria are: HbAHbA 0.78, HbAHbS 1.0 HbSHbS 0.07 a. What is the mathematical relationship between relative fitness and selection...
Despite the devastating effects of sickle-cell anaemia, why does the mutated allele responsible for this disease remain prevalent in some regions of the world? In your answer, explain the roles of relative fitness and natural selection.
name two classesof chemotherapeutics that inhibit cellular metabolism and outline how each drug inhibits cell growth
How do I write an outline for a 8 page papper on depression?
How do I write an outline for a 8 page papper on depression?
Outline the basic principles of modern electronic cell counters, i.e. methods of cell sizing and differentiation.
Outline the molecular changes required for initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. How could these molecular changes be exploited to assist with diagnosis and treatment? Selective differentiation of iPSCs can be used to generate a broad range of cell types. Outline how iPSCs reprogramming is currently being applied for cancer research. Discuss how this technology can improve our ability to model cancer behaviour for more efficient drug discovery. Outline the epigenetic changes starting with a differentiated cell, to the partially...
Outline the mechanism that ensures that DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell occurs only once per cell cycle.
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Mr Tim Williams, 56 years, is hospitalised for management of symptomatic pernicious anaemia. He exhibits shortness of breath, looks pale and reports numbness and tingling sensation in the palms and soles of his feet. Oral intake has been poor over the last week due to nausea. Haemoglobin levels are 74g/L, with abnormal electrolytes. The doctor has ordered some medications and IV hydration to manage the situation. How to write a patient note for Administering medications and IV fluids as prescribed....