Answer- The name of two classses of chemotherapeutics are as follows:
1. Mitotic inhibitor- It binds to the tubulin and destabilizes microtubule and causes mitotic arrest in metaphase state in cell and thus inhibit cell growth. Example- Vincristine, Vinblastine
2. Topoisomerase inhibitor- It will inhibit topoisomerase enzyme and thus double helical DNA strands are not separated for replication. Example- Topotecan
name two classesof chemotherapeutics that inhibit cellular metabolism and outline how each drug inhibits cell growth
3 Name two of the ways antibiotics function to kill bacteria or inhibit cell division. Pis7 What specifically dois it 1) Backeri ostatic 2) Bactericidal how? y dois it Acton?
1. Describe how normal cellular processes (cell division and metabolism) contribute to aging. 2. Why are aging-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, cataracts, arthritis, osteoporosis, and cancer, becoming so common in the modern era?
Cellular growth and repair require a cell to go through the cell cycle. Like all biological functions, cellular growth and repair is intricately controlled through a series of checkpoints involving specific signaling molecules. a. What are the checkpoints in the cell cycle? What do they do? b. What is the basic mechanism of cell signaling that controls the checkpoints? Be specific!! c. How is cancer related to these checkpoints and another inhibitory mechanism that stops normal cell growth?
The liver is a key site for drug and hormone metabolism. a. Describe how drugs and hormones are metabolized in the liver, in addition to other locations in the body (be sure to state where this may occur, the main types of proteins involved and the action). b. Explain how drug-induced liver disease occurs, and outline the basic types of drug induced liver disease. c. Choose one specific drug/drug type associated with cholestatic reactions, and describe that drug’s mechanism of...
Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation The following chemicals inhibit oxidative phosphorylation: Cyanide: Cyanide is a naturally occurring compound that binds to protein complex IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and prevents transfer of electrons from the protein. Metformin: At the cellular level, chemically synthesized metformin, a drug commonly prescribed for Type 2 diabetes, inhibits mitochondrial respiration by blocking complex I. Dinitrophenol: Dinitrophenol is a metabolic poison that can be sold legally as a pesticide. Although it is lethal to humans,...
7a) Outline the two major cellular process/pathways activated by binding of EGF binding to the EGF-receptor within cells? b) Signal transduction during cell signaling events frequently involves the action of kinases and phosphatases. Describe how these proteins function to regulate the action of individual proteins.
Cells use signaling pathways to regulate processes that promote or inhibit growth/proliferation. For each scenario, decide whether cell growth/proliferation would be promoted or inhibited. 1) AMPK is inactivated: 2) Rheb is in its GTP-bound state: 3) Akt phoshporylates the TSC complex: 4) p53 drives the expression of p21; 5) pRB gets phosphorylated: 6) Adenylate kinase generates AMP: 7) Enhanced insulin/IGF1 signaling: 8) Telomere attrition: Each option only choose either ""Promote"" or ""Inhibit""
What are the advantages of being small? (i.e. cell structure and function, growth, metabolism, genetics, diversity, microbial interaction, and ecology) [Maybe just one thing on each of the topics in brackets] Thanks so much!
BIOL-211 ICA - Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis 1. You are doing an experiment looking at how octopus cells change color for camouflage. The enzyme responsible for catalyzing this metabolic change has a delta G of -100kcal/mol. A) Is this a spontaneous, or non-spontaneous reaction? B) Is ATP hydrolysis necessary for this reaction to occur? Yes or No. C) If you were to add more enzyme, would the delta G be affected? Explain your answer. 2. You are performing an...
For the drug NEXIUM describe briefly the normal cell biology, the pathogenic state and how the drug alters the pathogenic state. Remember - “a picture is worth a thousand words” – the use of a figure depicting a pathway map and indicating the point at which the drug acts is highly encouraged. Furthermore, you will develop and present an experimental plan by which you can prove where in the cell the drug acts; what cellular functions it modulates and the mechanism...