Question

1. Describe how normal cellular processes (cell division and metabolism) contribute to aging. 2. Why are aging-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, cataracts, arthritis, osteoporosis, and cancer, becoming so common in the modern era?

Answer 1

Answer 1:)

Cellular Senescence is a possible cause that contributes to aging. In this, senescent cells in tissues are compromised in the strength and functional capacity at a particular time. Moreover, senescence in stem cells eventually bound the regenerative potential that causes them to compromise by the same. DNA damages also contribute to aging because it causes cell death and premature senescence. Another factor is telomere shortening that occurs in each cell cycle. Due to the shortening of telomere cells become weak and lose their ability to grow after some definite cell divisions.

Metabolism may or may not directly relate to aging because this is still not well understood. Aging decreases metabolic rate but increased or decreased metabolism is possibly affecting the aging. However, there is an assumption that decreased metabolism may cause cell senescence and hence promote aging. Decreased metabolism makes less energy for the cells that are not beneficial for cells. This is possibly related to aging.

Answer 2:)

Aging-related diseases are common nowadays because of increased pollution, a less healthy lifestyle, and mental tensions. For example, drinking alcohol causes neuron damage, which is associated to cause Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease. Pollution causes toxicity in the blood, which damages neurons and other cells of the body. These contribute to aging-related diseases.

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