Question

Know and understand the terminology in the chapter

•

Diagnostic tests for cardiovascular function, pages 230

-231

•

General

treatment measures for cardiac disorders, pages 231

-233

•

Diseases/disorders:

o

Atherosclerosis

o

Aortic aneurysm

o

Cardiac dysrhythmias

o

Congestive heart failure

o

Shock

o

Angina pectoris

o

Myocardial infarction

o

Peripheral vascular disease

o

Hypertension

Ch 13:

•

Know and understand the terminology in the chapter

•

General manifestations o

f respiratory disease, pages 281

-282

•

Common treatment measures for respir

atory disorders, page 283

•

Diseases/disorders:

o

COPD and associated disorders (emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis)

o

Pneumonia

o

TB

o

Cystic fibrosis

o

Pulmonary embolus and DVT

Ch 2

0:

More on next page

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•

Know and understand the terminology in the chapter

•

Know the sections and subsections:

o

Benign and malignant tumors, pages 546

Answer 1

1. Atherosclerosis: it is the hardening of the arteries.

Treatment: - angioplasty and stent placement, bypass surgery, endarterectomy. Also treat the underlying causes.

2. Aortic aneurysm: an abnormal bulge that occurs in the wall of aorta, the great blood vessel.

Treatment: - beta blockers: metoprolol, angiotensin II receptor blockers: losartan, statin: atrovastatin. Also surgeries like open chest surgery, endovascular surgery is sone

3. Cardiac dysrhythmias: it is an irregular beating of the heart, either too fast or too slow or irregular.

Treatment: antiarrhythmic, calcium channel blockers and beta blockers. Also in surgical management cardioversion and radiofreradio f ablation are done.

4. Congestive heart failure: a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump adequate amount of blood in the body.

Treatment: lifestyle modification, diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, antihypertensive drugs, vasodilator. Also in medical treatment cardiac resynchronization therapy is done.