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When there are too many electrons or too few electrons and the atoms cannot or will not form multiple bonds, which atom...

When there are too many electrons or too few electrons and the atoms cannot or will not form multiple bonds, which atom in the structure does not recieve a complete or has an extended octet? Explain why only one atom in the structure is affected in these situations.
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The one atom that forms bonds with almost all other atoms in the molecule is called as a central metal atom.

This central metal atom if is unable to fulfill its octet criteria , has a deficient or expanded octet.

Only one atom is the structure is affected in these situations because rest all other atoms have their octets filled due to bonding with the central atom and the presence of lone pairs on them.

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