Question

The student nurse has to administer antibiotics to a patient who has developed a complicated GU infection. The antibiotics that the student nurse has to administer to the patient include ertapenem, cefaclor, and ciprofloxacin. (Learning Objectives 1, 2, and 4) The faculty member asks the student nurse to explain how an antibiotic is selected for use in a particular clinical situation. What should the student nurse tell the faculty member about how an antibiotic is selected? What are the common adverse effects of ertapenem, cefaclor, and ciprofloxacin that the student nurse needs to tell the patient about? What specific points should the student nurse include in patient teaching about ertapenem, cefaclor, and ciprofloxacin?

Answer 1

ANSWER

Selection of an antibiotic medication.

   * Antibiotics are selected based on

             * After detecting a pathogen which is reponsible for an infection

               by lab investigation select antibiotic appropriate for that pathogen.

             * After identifying the effectiveness of an antibiotic against particular

                infections.

             * Availability of antibiotic for various bacterial infection.

             * Observing patients allergic history before selection of an antibiotic.

             * Comparing cost of different antibiotics.

             * Compaing side effects of different antibiotics.

Common adverse effects.

             * Ertapenem.

                     * Headache.

                     * Nausea.

                     * Abdominal pain.

                     * Constipation.

                     * Fever.

                     * Insomnia.

                     * Vomiting.

                     * Anxiety.

                     * Tachycardia.

                     * Phlebitis.

                     * Increased alkaline phosphatase.

             * Cefaclor.

                     * Hypersensitivity reactions.

                     * Abdominal discomfort.

                     * Vomiting.

                     * Diarrhea.

                     * Eosinophilia.

                     * Confusion.

                     * Dizziness.

                     * Agranulocytosis.

              * Ciprofloxacin.

                   * Tendinitis.

                     * Diarrhea.

                     * Nausea.

                     * Vomiting.

                     * Dizziness.

                     * Insomnia.

                     * Seizure.

                     * Peripheral neuropathy.

Patient teaching.

             * Ertapenem.

                     * Teach about side effects of medication and inform physican

                        if it occurs.

                     * Patient can follow normal diet unless the physician prescribed

                       other diet.

                     * If patient is missing a dose do not use double dose and continue

                       regular dose from the time of next dose.

                     * In the case of overdose inform the physician immediately and seek

                       medical care.

            * Cefaclor.

                     * Hypersensitivity reaction are common adverse effect of this

                        medication so if any allergic reaction occur stop the use of

                        drug and seek immediate medical care.

                     * Teach the patient that if he is taking antacids which contain

                        magnesium or aluminium take it one hour before after this

                        drug to avoid drug interactions.

                     * Educate the patient that do not stop medication without the consent

                        of physician.

             * Ciprofloxacin.

                     * Inform the patient report side effects if occurs to the physician.

                     * This drug can take with or without food and if taking oral suspension

                        of ciprofloxacin shake well before use to make sure it mixed properly.

                     * Do not stop the use of this drug without the consent of physician.

                     * Educate the patient do not take this drug along with milk products

                       because diary products reduce its therapeutic effect.