Question

Case Study, Chapter 37, Management of Patients With HIV Infection and AIDS 1. The nurse is planning to provide education on HIV infection transmission and prevention strategies at a local senior center. (Learning Objectives 1 and 4) What should the nurse include in the session considering the needs of the older population? a. 2. Sallie Jefferies, 28-year-old patient, is at the obstetric clinic for a pregnancy visit. The physician informs the patient that her HIV screen test is positive. The patient has no evidence of AIDS. The nurse provides patient education regarding what HIV is and what the clinical management entails. (Learning Objective 5) a. What clinical management is recommended for the patient during the pregnancy to help decrease the risk of transmitting HIV to the unborn child? b. The patient asks the nurse how zidovudine (Retrovir) will help her unborn child from getting HIV. How should the nurse respond? What explanation about Retrovir should the nurse provide? The patient asks the nurse if it will be safe to breast-feed her infant after the c. d. delivery. The nurse should provide what explanation? e. The patient asks the nurse what testing schedule for the HIV antibody is needed after her baby is born. How should the nurse respond?

Answer 1

1)Infection in older population is possible when there is an increase in the number of hospital visit and admission( procedures, surgeries, blood transmission, IV injection ) but only under non precautions status.

Some of the things which the nurse should include in the session for older population are as following

• Regular screening for it annually if the client has undergone blood transfusion or if at risk
• Encourage to avoid unsafe injection practices in unknown places
• If having any previous history of hepatitis and tuberculosis treatment
• Use of contraceptive devices (condoms) to avoid risk of transfer through sexual intercourse (If spouce infected or with sexual workers)
• get tested for sexually transmitted disease if the spouce has any history of blood transfusions

2)a)The clinical management recommended for a pregnant lady with HIV infection from preventing its transmission to the unborn is by starting ●treatment with medicine from the time of diagnosis ●a planned cesarean session to prevent transmission ●treat any conditions symptomatically●avoid chances of getting infected because the immunity power is disturbed.

b)The action of Zidovudine is to decrease or prevent the viral load from getting multiplicated and thereby preventing the chance of infection to the unborn(NRTI block an HIV enzyme that is reverse transcriptase and slows the multiplication of virus)

c)The following information to be provided

• It is an anti retroviral drug uses in HIV infection
• Take this medicine orally ,generally at the same time daily
• Donot skip or stop taking medicine
• Report any type of side effects immediately

d)The infected mothers cannot breastfeed the babies because virus will be transmitted through breast milk.The baby has to be provided formula feed

e)The following test schedule for the newborn is recommended

• The baby will be tested immediately after birth and treatment for first four to six weeks is a must for these babies born to infected mother
• Then at 14 to 21 days of life to know the status
• Again at 1 month
• Finally at 4 to 6 months